bcachefs: Only get btree iters from btree transactions

27 files changed, 549 insertions, 358 deletions

diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.c b/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.c
index 1a40ac21891c..1fb0a2b4dd31 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.c
@@ -263,18 +263,21 @@ static void bch2_alloc_read_key(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k)
 int bch2_alloc_read(struct bch_fs *c, struct list_head *journal_replay_list)
 {
 	struct journal_replay *r;
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	struct bch_dev *ca;
 	unsigned i;
 	int ret;
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_ALLOC, POS_MIN, 0, k) {
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_ALLOC, POS_MIN, 0, k) {
 		bch2_alloc_read_key(c, k);
-		bch2_btree_iter_cond_resched(&iter);
+		bch2_trans_cond_resched(&trans);
 	}
 
-	ret = bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	ret = bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 
@@ -390,8 +393,6 @@ static int __bch2_alloc_write_key(struct btree_trans *trans, struct bch_dev *ca,
 	__alloc_write_key(a, g, m);
 	percpu_up_read_preempt_enable(&c->mark_lock);
 
-	bch2_btree_iter_cond_resched(iter);
-
 	bch2_trans_update(trans, BTREE_INSERT_ENTRY(iter, &a->k_i));
 
 	ret = bch2_trans_commit(trans, NULL, journal_seq,
@@ -449,6 +450,7 @@ int bch2_alloc_write(struct bch_fs *c, bool nowait, bool *wrote)
 			if (ret)
 				break;
 
+			bch2_trans_cond_resched(&trans);
 			*wrote = true;
 		}
 		up_read(&ca->bucket_lock);
@@ -937,8 +939,6 @@ static int bch2_invalidate_one_bucket2(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	spin_unlock(&c->freelist_lock);
 	percpu_up_read_preempt_enable(&c->mark_lock);
 
-	bch2_btree_iter_cond_resched(iter);
-
 	BUG_ON(BKEY_ALLOC_VAL_U64s_MAX > 8);
 
 	bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(iter, POS(ca->dev_idx, b));
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
index af75878c06bd..aa05d7eedb56 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
@@ -204,13 +204,16 @@ static int btree_gc_mark_node(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 static int bch2_gc_btree(struct bch_fs *c, enum btree_id btree_id,
 			 bool initial)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct btree *b;
 	struct range_checks r;
 	unsigned depth = btree_node_type_needs_gc(btree_id) ? 0 : 1;
 	u8 max_stale;
 	int ret = 0;
 
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
 	gc_pos_set(c, gc_pos_btree(btree_id, POS_MIN, 0));
 
 	/*
@@ -224,7 +227,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_btree(struct bch_fs *c, enum btree_id btree_id,
 
 	btree_node_range_checks_init(&r, depth);
 
-	__for_each_btree_node(&iter, c, btree_id, POS_MIN,
+	__for_each_btree_node(&trans, iter, btree_id, POS_MIN,
 			      0, depth, BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, b) {
 		btree_node_range_checks(c, b, &r);
 
@@ -238,22 +241,22 @@ static int bch2_gc_btree(struct bch_fs *c, enum btree_id btree_id,
 
 		if (!initial) {
 			if (max_stale > 64)
-				bch2_btree_node_rewrite(c, &iter,
+				bch2_btree_node_rewrite(c, iter,
 						b->data->keys.seq,
 						BTREE_INSERT_USE_RESERVE|
 						BTREE_INSERT_NOWAIT|
 						BTREE_INSERT_GC_LOCK_HELD);
 			else if (!btree_gc_rewrite_disabled(c) &&
 				 (btree_gc_always_rewrite(c) || max_stale > 16))
-				bch2_btree_node_rewrite(c, &iter,
+				bch2_btree_node_rewrite(c, iter,
 						b->data->keys.seq,
 						BTREE_INSERT_NOWAIT|
 						BTREE_INSERT_GC_LOCK_HELD);
 		}
 
-		bch2_btree_iter_cond_resched(&iter);
+		bch2_trans_cond_resched(&trans);
 	}
-	ret = bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter) ?: ret;
+	ret = bch2_trans_exit(&trans) ?: ret;
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 
@@ -1027,7 +1030,8 @@ next:
 
 static int bch2_coalesce_btree(struct bch_fs *c, enum btree_id btree_id)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct btree *b;
 	bool kthread = (current->flags & PF_KTHREAD) != 0;
 	unsigned i;
@@ -1036,6 +1040,8 @@ static int bch2_coalesce_btree(struct bch_fs *c, enum btree_id btree_id)
 	struct btree *merge[GC_MERGE_NODES];
 	u32 lock_seq[GC_MERGE_NODES];
 
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
 	/*
 	 * XXX: We don't have a good way of positively matching on sibling nodes
 	 * that have the same parent - this code works by handling the cases
@@ -1045,7 +1051,7 @@ static int bch2_coalesce_btree(struct bch_fs *c, enum btree_id btree_id)
 	 */
 	memset(merge, 0, sizeof(merge));
 
-	__for_each_btree_node(&iter, c, btree_id, POS_MIN,
+	__for_each_btree_node(&trans, iter, btree_id, POS_MIN,
 			      BTREE_MAX_DEPTH, 0,
 			      BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, b) {
 		memmove(merge + 1, merge,
@@ -1067,7 +1073,7 @@ static int bch2_coalesce_btree(struct bch_fs *c, enum btree_id btree_id)
 		}
 		memset(merge + i, 0, (GC_MERGE_NODES - i) * sizeof(merge[0]));
 
-		bch2_coalesce_nodes(c, &iter, merge);
+		bch2_coalesce_nodes(c, iter, merge);
 
 		for (i = 1; i < GC_MERGE_NODES && merge[i]; i++) {
 			lock_seq[i] = merge[i]->lock.state.seq;
@@ -1077,23 +1083,23 @@ static int bch2_coalesce_btree(struct bch_fs *c, enum btree_id btree_id)
 		lock_seq[0] = merge[0]->lock.state.seq;
 
 		if (kthread && kthread_should_stop()) {
-			bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+			bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 			return -ESHUTDOWN;
 		}
 
-		bch2_btree_iter_cond_resched(&iter);
+		bch2_trans_cond_resched(&trans);
 
 		/*
 		 * If the parent node wasn't relocked, it might have been split
 		 * and the nodes in our sliding window might not have the same
 		 * parent anymore - blow away the sliding window:
 		 */
-		if (btree_iter_node(&iter, iter.level + 1) &&
-		    !btree_node_intent_locked(&iter, iter.level + 1))
+		if (btree_iter_node(iter, iter->level + 1) &&
+		    !btree_node_intent_locked(iter, iter->level + 1))
 			memset(merge + 1, 0,
 			       (GC_MERGE_NODES - 1) * sizeof(merge[0]));
 	}
-	return bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	return bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_io.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_io.c
index f2107cf7ca5b..0b99e7d217a8 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_io.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_io.c
@@ -1153,19 +1153,21 @@ static void bch2_btree_node_write_error(struct bch_fs *c,
 	struct bkey_i_btree_ptr *new_key;
 	struct bkey_s_btree_ptr bp;
 	struct bch_extent_ptr *ptr;
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	int ret;
 
-	__bch2_btree_iter_init(&iter, c, b->btree_id, b->key.k.p,
-			       BTREE_MAX_DEPTH,
-			       b->level, BTREE_ITER_NODES);
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
+	iter = bch2_trans_get_node_iter(&trans, b->btree_id, b->key.k.p,
+					BTREE_MAX_DEPTH, b->level, 0);
 retry:
-	ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse(&iter);
+	ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter);
 	if (ret)
 		goto err;
 
 	/* has node been freed? */
-	if (iter.l[b->level].b != b) {
+	if (iter->l[b->level].b != b) {
 		/* node has been freed: */
 		BUG_ON(!btree_node_dying(b));
 		goto out;
@@ -1184,13 +1186,13 @@ retry:
 	if (!bch2_bkey_nr_ptrs(bp.s_c))
 		goto err;
 
-	ret = bch2_btree_node_update_key(c, &iter, b, new_key);
+	ret = bch2_btree_node_update_key(c, iter, b, new_key);
 	if (ret == -EINTR)
 		goto retry;
 	if (ret)
 		goto err;
 out:
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 	bio_put(&wbio->wbio.bio);
 	btree_node_write_done(c, b);
 	return;
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_iter.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_iter.c
index d8559520898f..41d9341d0e0b 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_iter.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_iter.c
@@ -1581,15 +1581,15 @@ struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_next_slot(struct btree_iter *iter)
 	return __bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(iter);
 }
 
-void __bch2_btree_iter_init(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bch_fs *c,
-			    enum btree_id btree_id, struct bpos pos,
-			    unsigned locks_want, unsigned depth,
-			    unsigned flags)
+static inline void bch2_btree_iter_init(struct btree_iter *iter,
+			struct bch_fs *c, enum btree_id btree_id,
+			struct bpos pos, unsigned flags)
 {
 	unsigned i;
 
-	EBUG_ON(depth >= BTREE_MAX_DEPTH);
-	EBUG_ON(locks_want > BTREE_MAX_DEPTH);
+	if (btree_id == BTREE_ID_EXTENTS &&
+	    !(flags & BTREE_ITER_NODES))
+		flags |= BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS;
 
 	iter->c				= c;
 	iter->pos			= pos;
@@ -1598,8 +1598,8 @@ void __bch2_btree_iter_init(struct btree_iter *iter, struct bch_fs *c,
 	iter->flags			= flags;
 	iter->uptodate			= BTREE_ITER_NEED_TRAVERSE;
 	iter->btree_id			= btree_id;
-	iter->level			= depth;
-	iter->locks_want		= locks_want;
+	iter->level			= 0;
+	iter->locks_want		= flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT ? 1 : 0;
 	iter->nodes_locked		= 0;
 	iter->nodes_intent_locked	= 0;
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(iter->l); i++)
@@ -1676,12 +1676,14 @@ static inline unsigned btree_trans_iter_idx(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	return idx;
 }
 
-void bch2_trans_iter_put(struct btree_trans *trans,
-			 struct btree_iter *iter)
+int bch2_trans_iter_put(struct btree_trans *trans,
+			struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
 	ssize_t idx = btree_trans_iter_idx(trans, iter);
+	int ret = (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ERROR) ? -EIO : 0;
 
 	trans->iters_live	&= ~(1ULL << idx);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static inline void __bch2_trans_iter_free(struct btree_trans *trans,
@@ -1695,17 +1697,23 @@ static inline void __bch2_trans_iter_free(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	bch2_btree_iter_unlink(&trans->iters[idx]);
 }
 
-void bch2_trans_iter_free(struct btree_trans *trans,
-			  struct btree_iter *iter)
+int bch2_trans_iter_free(struct btree_trans *trans,
+			 struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
+	int ret = (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ERROR) ? -EIO : 0;
+
 	__bch2_trans_iter_free(trans, btree_trans_iter_idx(trans, iter));
+	return ret;
 }
 
-void bch2_trans_iter_free_on_commit(struct btree_trans *trans,
-				    struct btree_iter *iter)
+int bch2_trans_iter_free_on_commit(struct btree_trans *trans,
+				   struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
+	int ret = (iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ERROR) ? -EIO : 0;
+
 	trans->iters_unlink_on_commit |=
 		1ULL << btree_trans_iter_idx(trans, iter);
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static int btree_trans_realloc_iters(struct btree_trans *trans,
@@ -1819,7 +1827,7 @@ got_slot:
 		iter = &trans->iters[idx];
 		iter->id = iter_id;
 
-		bch2_btree_iter_init(iter, trans->c, btree_id, POS_MIN, flags);
+		bch2_btree_iter_init(iter, trans->c, btree_id, pos, flags);
 	} else {
 		iter = &trans->iters[idx];
 
@@ -1860,6 +1868,31 @@ struct btree_iter *__bch2_trans_get_iter(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	return iter;
 }
 
+struct btree_iter *bch2_trans_get_node_iter(struct btree_trans *trans,
+					    enum btree_id btree_id,
+					    struct bpos pos,
+					    unsigned locks_want,
+					    unsigned depth,
+					    unsigned flags)
+{
+	struct btree_iter *iter =
+		__btree_trans_get_iter(trans, btree_id, pos,
+				       flags|BTREE_ITER_NODES, 0);
+	unsigned i;
+
+	BUG_ON(IS_ERR(iter));
+	BUG_ON(bkey_cmp(iter->pos, pos));
+
+	iter->locks_want = locks_want;
+	iter->level	= depth;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(iter->l); i++)
+		iter->l[i].b		= NULL;
+	iter->l[iter->level].b		= BTREE_ITER_NOT_END;
+
+	return iter;
+}
+
 struct btree_iter *__bch2_trans_copy_iter(struct btree_trans *trans,
 					  struct btree_iter *src,
 					  u64 iter_id)
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_iter.h b/fs/bcachefs/btree_iter.h
index 5d1f7ff79f92..54778b36e990 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_iter.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_iter.h
@@ -151,20 +151,6 @@ struct bkey_s_c bch2_btree_iter_next_slot(struct btree_iter *);
 void bch2_btree_iter_set_pos_same_leaf(struct btree_iter *, struct bpos);
 void bch2_btree_iter_set_pos(struct btree_iter *, struct bpos);
 
-void __bch2_btree_iter_init(struct btree_iter *, struct bch_fs *,
-			   enum btree_id, struct bpos,
-			   unsigned , unsigned, unsigned);
-
-static inline void bch2_btree_iter_init(struct btree_iter *iter,
-			struct bch_fs *c, enum btree_id btree_id,
-			struct bpos pos, unsigned flags)
-{
-	__bch2_btree_iter_init(iter, c, btree_id, pos,
-			       flags & BTREE_ITER_INTENT ? 1 : 0, 0,
-			       (btree_id == BTREE_ID_EXTENTS
-				?  BTREE_ITER_IS_EXTENTS : 0)|flags);
-}
-
 void bch2_btree_iter_copy(struct btree_iter *, struct btree_iter *);
 
 static inline struct bpos btree_type_successor(enum btree_id id,
@@ -222,17 +208,18 @@ static inline void bch2_btree_iter_cond_resched(struct btree_iter *iter)
 	}
 }
 
-#define __for_each_btree_node(_iter, _c, _btree_id, _start,		\
+#define __for_each_btree_node(_trans, _iter, _btree_id, _start,	\
 			      _locks_want, _depth, _flags, _b)		\
-	for (__bch2_btree_iter_init((_iter), (_c), (_btree_id), _start,	\
-				    _locks_want, _depth,		\
-				    _flags|BTREE_ITER_NODES),		\
+	for (iter = bch2_trans_get_node_iter((_trans), (_btree_id),	\
+				_start, _locks_want, _depth, _flags),	\
 	     _b = bch2_btree_iter_peek_node(_iter);			\
 	     (_b);							\
 	     (_b) = bch2_btree_iter_next_node(_iter, _depth))
 
-#define for_each_btree_node(_iter, _c, _btree_id, _start, _flags, _b)	\
-	__for_each_btree_node(_iter, _c, _btree_id, _start, 0, 0, _flags, _b)
+#define for_each_btree_node(_trans, _iter, _btree_id, _start,		\
+			    _flags, _b)					\
+	__for_each_btree_node(_trans, _iter, _btree_id, _start,		\
+			      0, 0, _flags, _b)
 
 static inline struct bkey_s_c __bch2_btree_iter_peek(struct btree_iter *iter,
 						     unsigned flags)
@@ -252,9 +239,9 @@ static inline struct bkey_s_c __bch2_btree_iter_next(struct btree_iter *iter,
 		: bch2_btree_iter_next(iter);
 }
 
-#define for_each_btree_key(_iter, _c, _btree_id,  _start, _flags, _k)	\
-	for (bch2_btree_iter_init((_iter), (_c), (_btree_id),		\
-				  (_start), (_flags)),			\
+#define for_each_btree_key(_trans, _iter, _btree_id,  _start, _flags, _k)\
+	for (iter = bch2_trans_get_iter((_trans), (_btree_id),		\
+					(_start), (_flags)),		\
 	     (_k) = __bch2_btree_iter_peek(_iter, _flags);		\
 	     !IS_ERR_OR_NULL((_k).k);					\
 	     (_k) = __bch2_btree_iter_next(_iter, _flags))
@@ -272,9 +259,9 @@ static inline int btree_iter_err(struct bkey_s_c k)
 /* new multiple iterator interface: */
 
 void bch2_trans_preload_iters(struct btree_trans *);
-void bch2_trans_iter_put(struct btree_trans *, struct btree_iter *);
-void bch2_trans_iter_free(struct btree_trans *, struct btree_iter *);
-void bch2_trans_iter_free_on_commit(struct btree_trans *, struct btree_iter *);
+int bch2_trans_iter_put(struct btree_trans *, struct btree_iter *);
+int bch2_trans_iter_free(struct btree_trans *, struct btree_iter *);
+int bch2_trans_iter_free_on_commit(struct btree_trans *, struct btree_iter *);
 
 void bch2_trans_unlink_iters(struct btree_trans *, u64);
 
@@ -309,6 +296,10 @@ bch2_trans_copy_iter(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_iter *src)
 	return __bch2_trans_copy_iter(trans, src, __btree_iter_id());
 }
 
+struct btree_iter *bch2_trans_get_node_iter(struct btree_trans *,
+				enum btree_id, struct bpos,
+				unsigned, unsigned, unsigned);
+
 void __bch2_trans_begin(struct btree_trans *);
 
 static inline void bch2_trans_begin_updates(struct btree_trans *trans)
@@ -321,6 +312,16 @@ int bch2_trans_unlock(struct btree_trans *);
 void bch2_trans_init(struct btree_trans *, struct bch_fs *);
 int bch2_trans_exit(struct btree_trans *);
 
+static inline void bch2_trans_cond_resched(struct btree_trans *trans)
+{
+	if (need_resched()) {
+		bch2_trans_unlock(trans);
+		schedule();
+	} else if (race_fault()) {
+		bch2_trans_unlock(trans);
+	}
+}
+
 #ifdef TRACE_TRANSACTION_RESTARTS
 #define bch2_trans_begin(_trans)					\
 do {									\
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_leaf.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_leaf.c
index 04b5699beed0..e3c44d8e2673 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_leaf.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_leaf.c
@@ -998,7 +998,7 @@ int bch2_btree_delete_range(struct bch_fs *c, enum btree_id id,
 		if (ret)
 			break;
 
-		bch2_btree_iter_cond_resched(iter);
+		bch2_trans_cond_resched(&trans);
 	}
 
 	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/chardev.c b/fs/bcachefs/chardev.c
index 4e33e7b81872..82d90cdea003 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/chardev.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/chardev.c
@@ -302,8 +302,8 @@ static ssize_t bch2_data_job_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 	struct bch_ioctl_data_event e = {
 		.type			= BCH_DATA_EVENT_PROGRESS,
 		.p.data_type		= ctx->stats.data_type,
-		.p.btree_id		= ctx->stats.iter.btree_id,
-		.p.pos			= ctx->stats.iter.pos,
+		.p.btree_id		= ctx->stats.btree_id,
+		.p.pos			= ctx->stats.pos,
 		.p.sectors_done		= atomic64_read(&ctx->stats.sectors_seen),
 		.p.sectors_total	= bch2_fs_usage_read_short(c).used,
 	};
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/debug.c b/fs/bcachefs/debug.c
index e8a671a1b898..e830e798fc45 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/debug.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/debug.c
@@ -204,7 +204,8 @@ static ssize_t bch2_read_btree(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 			       size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
 {
 	struct dump_iter *i = file->private_data;
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	int err;
 
@@ -219,8 +220,10 @@ static ssize_t bch2_read_btree(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 	if (!i->size)
 		return i->ret;
 
-	bch2_btree_iter_init(&iter, i->c, i->id, i->from, BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH);
-	k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(&iter);
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, i->c);
+
+	iter = bch2_trans_get_iter(&trans, i->id, i->from, BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH);
+	k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(iter);
 
 	while (k.k && !(err = btree_iter_err(k))) {
 		bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(i->buf), i->c, k);
@@ -229,8 +232,8 @@ static ssize_t bch2_read_btree(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 		i->buf[i->bytes] = '\n';
 		i->bytes++;
 
-		k = bch2_btree_iter_next(&iter);
-		i->from = iter.pos;
+		k = bch2_btree_iter_next(iter);
+		i->from = iter->pos;
 
 		err = flush_buf(i);
 		if (err)
@@ -239,7 +242,7 @@ static ssize_t bch2_read_btree(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 		if (!i->size)
 			break;
 	}
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 
 	return err < 0 ? err : i->ret;
 }
@@ -255,7 +258,8 @@ static ssize_t bch2_read_btree_formats(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 				       size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
 {
 	struct dump_iter *i = file->private_data;
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct btree *b;
 	int err;
 
@@ -270,7 +274,9 @@ static ssize_t bch2_read_btree_formats(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 	if (!i->size || !bkey_cmp(POS_MAX, i->from))
 		return i->ret;
 
-	for_each_btree_node(&iter, i->c, i->id, i->from, 0, b) {
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, i->c);
+
+	for_each_btree_node(&trans, iter, i->id, i->from, 0, b) {
 		bch2_btree_node_to_text(&PBUF(i->buf), i->c, b);
 		i->bytes = strlen(i->buf);
 		err = flush_buf(i);
@@ -288,7 +294,7 @@ static ssize_t bch2_read_btree_formats(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 		if (!i->size)
 			break;
 	}
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 
 	return err < 0 ? err : i->ret;
 }
@@ -304,7 +310,8 @@ static ssize_t bch2_read_bfloat_failed(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 				       size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
 {
 	struct dump_iter *i = file->private_data;
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	struct btree *prev_node = NULL;
 	int err;
@@ -320,11 +327,13 @@ static ssize_t bch2_read_bfloat_failed(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 	if (!i->size)
 		return i->ret;
 
-	bch2_btree_iter_init(&iter, i->c, i->id, i->from, BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH);
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, i->c);
+
+	iter = bch2_trans_get_iter(&trans, i->id, i->from, BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH);
 
-	while ((k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(&iter)).k &&
+	while ((k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(iter)).k &&
 	       !(err = btree_iter_err(k))) {
-		struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter.l[0];
+		struct btree_iter_level *l = &iter->l[0];
 		struct bkey_packed *_k =
 			bch2_btree_node_iter_peek(&l->iter, l->b);
 
@@ -343,8 +352,8 @@ static ssize_t bch2_read_bfloat_failed(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 		if (err)
 			break;
 
-		bch2_btree_iter_next(&iter);
-		i->from = iter.pos;
+		bch2_btree_iter_next(iter);
+		i->from = iter->pos;
 
 		err = flush_buf(i);
 		if (err)
@@ -353,7 +362,7 @@ static ssize_t bch2_read_bfloat_failed(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
 		if (!i->size)
 			break;
 	}
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 
 	return err < 0 ? err : i->ret;
 }
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/dirent.c b/fs/bcachefs/dirent.c
index 550561e67ad7..58289fccb8dc 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/dirent.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/dirent.c
@@ -330,11 +330,15 @@ out:
 
 int bch2_empty_dir(struct bch_fs *c, u64 dir_inum)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	int ret = 0;
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_DIRENTS, POS(dir_inum, 0), 0, k) {
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_DIRENTS,
+			   POS(dir_inum, 0), 0, k) {
 		if (k.k->p.inode > dir_inum)
 			break;
 
@@ -343,7 +347,7 @@ int bch2_empty_dir(struct bch_fs *c, u64 dir_inum)
 			break;
 		}
 	}
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -352,7 +356,8 @@ int bch2_readdir(struct bch_fs *c, struct file *file,
 		 struct dir_context *ctx)
 {
 	struct bch_inode_info *inode = file_bch_inode(file);
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	struct bkey_s_c_dirent dirent;
 	unsigned len;
@@ -360,7 +365,9 @@ int bch2_readdir(struct bch_fs *c, struct file *file,
 	if (!dir_emit_dots(file, ctx))
 		return 0;
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_DIRENTS,
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_DIRENTS,
 			   POS(inode->v.i_ino, ctx->pos), 0, k) {
 		if (k.k->type != KEY_TYPE_dirent)
 			continue;
@@ -386,7 +393,7 @@ int bch2_readdir(struct bch_fs *c, struct file *file,
 
 		ctx->pos = k.k->p.offset + 1;
 	}
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/ec.c b/fs/bcachefs/ec.c
index ea6f4867ae81..941587c13522 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/ec.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/ec.c
@@ -397,7 +397,8 @@ static void ec_block_io(struct bch_fs *c, struct ec_stripe_buf *buf,
 /* recovery read path: */
 int bch2_ec_read_extent(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_read_bio *rbio)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct ec_stripe_buf *buf;
 	struct closure cl;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
@@ -418,19 +419,21 @@ int bch2_ec_read_extent(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_read_bio *rbio)
 	if (!buf)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	bch2_btree_iter_init(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_EC,
-			     POS(0, stripe_idx),
-			     BTREE_ITER_SLOTS);
-	k = bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(&iter);
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
+	iter = bch2_trans_get_iter(&trans, BTREE_ID_EC,
+				   POS(0, stripe_idx),
+				   BTREE_ITER_SLOTS);
+	k = bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(iter);
 	if (btree_iter_err(k) || k.k->type != KEY_TYPE_stripe) {
 		__bcache_io_error(c,
 			"error doing reconstruct read: stripe not found");
 		kfree(buf);
-		return bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter) ?: -EIO;
+		return bch2_trans_exit(&trans) ?: -EIO;
 	}
 
 	bkey_reassemble(&buf->key.k_i, k);
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 
 	v = &buf->key.v;
 
@@ -1237,7 +1240,8 @@ static void bch2_stripe_read_key(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k)
 int bch2_stripes_read(struct bch_fs *c, struct list_head *journal_replay_list)
 {
 	struct journal_replay *r;
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	int ret;
 
@@ -1245,12 +1249,14 @@ int bch2_stripes_read(struct bch_fs *c, struct list_head *journal_replay_list)
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_EC, POS_MIN, 0, k) {
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_EC, POS_MIN, 0, k) {
 		bch2_stripe_read_key(c, k);
-		bch2_btree_iter_cond_resched(&iter);
+		bch2_trans_cond_resched(&trans);
 	}
 
-	ret = bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	ret = bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 
@@ -1268,17 +1274,20 @@ int bch2_stripes_read(struct bch_fs *c, struct list_head *journal_replay_list)
 
 int bch2_ec_mem_alloc(struct bch_fs *c, bool gc)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	size_t i, idx = 0;
 	int ret = 0;
 
-	bch2_btree_iter_init(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_EC, POS(0, U64_MAX), 0);
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
+	iter = bch2_trans_get_iter(&trans, BTREE_ID_EC, POS(0, U64_MAX), 0);
 
-	k = bch2_btree_iter_prev(&iter);
+	k = bch2_btree_iter_prev(iter);
 	if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(k.k))
 		idx = k.k->p.offset + 1;
-	ret = bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	ret = bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/extents.c b/fs/bcachefs/extents.c
index 1ab951c97a89..e9ad5592552f 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/extents.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/extents.c
@@ -1618,15 +1618,18 @@ static bool bch2_extent_merge_inline(struct bch_fs *c,
 bool bch2_check_range_allocated(struct bch_fs *c, struct bpos pos, u64 size,
 			       unsigned nr_replicas)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bpos end = pos;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	bool ret = true;
 
 	end.offset += size;
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS, pos,
-			     BTREE_ITER_SLOTS, k) {
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS, pos,
+			   BTREE_ITER_SLOTS, k) {
 		if (bkey_cmp(bkey_start_pos(k.k), end) >= 0)
 			break;
 
@@ -1635,7 +1638,7 @@ bool bch2_check_range_allocated(struct bch_fs *c, struct bpos pos, u64 size,
 			break;
 		}
 	}
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 
 	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/fs-io.c b/fs/bcachefs/fs-io.c
index d3a03641cbfd..5ffa1ffbbc9e 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/fs-io.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/fs-io.c
@@ -1044,7 +1044,8 @@ int bch2_readpages(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
 	struct bch_inode_info *inode = to_bch_ei(mapping->host);
 	struct bch_fs *c = inode->v.i_sb->s_fs_info;
 	struct bch_io_opts opts = io_opts(c, inode);
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct page *page;
 	struct readpages_iter readpages_iter;
 	int ret;
@@ -1052,8 +1053,10 @@ int bch2_readpages(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
 	ret = readpages_iter_init(&readpages_iter, mapping, pages, nr_pages);
 	BUG_ON(ret);
 
-	bch2_btree_iter_init(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS, POS_MIN,
-			     BTREE_ITER_SLOTS);
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
+	iter = bch2_trans_get_iter(&trans, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS, POS_MIN,
+				   BTREE_ITER_SLOTS);
 
 	if (current->pagecache_lock != &mapping->add_lock)
 		pagecache_add_get(&mapping->add_lock);
@@ -1075,12 +1078,13 @@ int bch2_readpages(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
 		rbio->bio.bi_end_io = bch2_readpages_end_io;
 		__bio_add_page(&rbio->bio, page, PAGE_SIZE, 0);
 
-		bchfs_read(c, &iter, rbio, inode->v.i_ino, &readpages_iter);
+		bchfs_read(c, iter, rbio, inode->v.i_ino, &readpages_iter);
 	}
 
 	if (current->pagecache_lock != &mapping->add_lock)
 		pagecache_add_put(&mapping->add_lock);
 
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 	kfree(readpages_iter.pages);
 
 	return 0;
@@ -1089,16 +1093,21 @@ int bch2_readpages(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
 static void __bchfs_readpage(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_read_bio *rbio,
 			     u64 inum, struct page *page)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 
 	page_state_init_for_read(page);
 
 	bio_set_op_attrs(&rbio->bio, REQ_OP_READ, REQ_SYNC);
 	bio_add_page_contig(&rbio->bio, page);
 
-	bch2_btree_iter_init(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS, POS_MIN,
-			     BTREE_ITER_SLOTS);
-	bchfs_read(c, &iter, rbio, inum, NULL);
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+	iter = bch2_trans_get_iter(&trans, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS, POS_MIN,
+				   BTREE_ITER_SLOTS);
+
+	bchfs_read(c, iter, rbio, inum, NULL);
+
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 }
 
 int bch2_readpage(struct file *file, struct page *page)
@@ -2120,7 +2129,7 @@ static int __bch2_fpunch(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_inode_info *inode,
 		if (ret)
 			break;
 
-		bch2_btree_iter_cond_resched(iter);
+		bch2_trans_cond_resched(&trans);
 	}
 
 	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
@@ -2132,13 +2141,14 @@ static inline int range_has_data(struct bch_fs *c,
 				  struct bpos start,
 				  struct bpos end)
 {
-
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	int ret = 0;
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS,
-			   start, 0, k) {
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS, start, 0, k) {
 		if (bkey_cmp(bkey_start_pos(k.k), end) >= 0)
 			break;
 
@@ -2148,7 +2158,7 @@ static inline int range_has_data(struct bch_fs *c,
 		}
 	}
 
-	return bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter) ?: ret;
+	return bch2_trans_exit(&trans) ?: ret;
 }
 
 static int __bch2_truncate_page(struct bch_inode_info *inode,
@@ -2472,7 +2482,7 @@ btree_iter_err:
 		 * pointers... which isn't a _super_ serious problem...
 		 */
 
-		bch2_btree_iter_cond_resched(src);
+		bch2_trans_cond_resched(&trans);
 	}
 	bch2_trans_unlock(&trans);
 
@@ -2710,7 +2720,8 @@ static loff_t bch2_seek_data(struct file *file, u64 offset)
 {
 	struct bch_inode_info *inode = file_bch_inode(file);
 	struct bch_fs *c = inode->v.i_sb->s_fs_info;
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	u64 isize, next_data = MAX_LFS_FILESIZE;
 	int ret;
@@ -2719,7 +2730,9 @@ static loff_t bch2_seek_data(struct file *file, u64 offset)
 	if (offset >= isize)
 		return -ENXIO;
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS,
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS,
 			   POS(inode->v.i_ino, offset >> 9), 0, k) {
 		if (k.k->p.inode != inode->v.i_ino) {
 			break;
@@ -2730,7 +2743,7 @@ static loff_t bch2_seek_data(struct file *file, u64 offset)
 			break;
 	}
 
-	ret = bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	ret = bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 
@@ -2780,7 +2793,8 @@ static loff_t bch2_seek_hole(struct file *file, u64 offset)
 {
 	struct bch_inode_info *inode = file_bch_inode(file);
 	struct bch_fs *c = inode->v.i_sb->s_fs_info;
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	u64 isize, next_hole = MAX_LFS_FILESIZE;
 	int ret;
@@ -2789,7 +2803,9 @@ static loff_t bch2_seek_hole(struct file *file, u64 offset)
 	if (offset >= isize)
 		return -ENXIO;
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS,
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS,
 			   POS(inode->v.i_ino, offset >> 9),
 			   BTREE_ITER_SLOTS, k) {
 		if (k.k->p.inode != inode->v.i_ino) {
@@ -2808,7 +2824,7 @@ static loff_t bch2_seek_hole(struct file *file, u64 offset)
 		}
 	}
 
-	ret = bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	ret = bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/fs.c b/fs/bcachefs/fs.c
index f05606753dd6..cc91af0ad648 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/fs.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/fs.c
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ int __must_check bch2_write_inode_trans(struct btree_trans *trans,
 				void *p)
 {
 	struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
-	struct btree_iter *iter;
+	struct btree_iter *iter = NULL;
 	struct bkey_inode_buf *inode_p;
 	int ret;
 
@@ -1113,7 +1113,8 @@ static int bch2_fiemap(struct inode *vinode, struct fiemap_extent_info *info,
 {
 	struct bch_fs *c = vinode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
 	struct bch_inode_info *ei = to_bch_ei(vinode);
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	BKEY_PADDED(k) tmp;
 	bool have_extent = false;
@@ -1122,7 +1123,9 @@ static int bch2_fiemap(struct inode *vinode, struct fiemap_extent_info *info,
 	if (start + len < start)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS,
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS,
 			   POS(ei->v.i_ino, start >> 9), 0, k)
 		if (bkey_extent_is_data(k.k) ||
 		    k.k->type == KEY_TYPE_reservation) {
@@ -1143,7 +1146,7 @@ static int bch2_fiemap(struct inode *vinode, struct fiemap_extent_info *info,
 	if (have_extent)
 		ret = bch2_fill_extent(info, &tmp.k, FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST);
 out:
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 	return ret < 0 ? ret : 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/fsck.c b/fs/bcachefs/fsck.c
index fb0cb9a454d6..3b4a168749fb 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/fsck.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/fsck.c
@@ -15,6 +15,23 @@
 
 #define QSTR(n) { { { .len = strlen(n) } }, .name = n }
 
+static s64 bch2_count_inode_sectors(struct btree_trans *trans, u64 inum)
+{
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
+	struct bkey_s_c k;
+	u64 sectors = 0;
+
+	for_each_btree_key(trans, iter, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS, POS(inum, 0), 0, k) {
+		if (k.k->p.inode != inum)
+			break;
+
+		if (bkey_extent_is_allocation(k.k))
+			sectors += k.k->size;
+	}
+
+	return bch2_trans_iter_free(trans, iter) ?: sectors;
+}
+
 static int remove_dirent(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree_iter *iter,
 			 struct bkey_s_c_dirent dirent)
 {
@@ -180,44 +197,32 @@ err:
 	return ret;
 }
 
-/* fsck hasn't been converted to new transactions yet: */
-static int fsck_hash_delete_at(const struct bch_hash_desc desc,
+static int fsck_hash_delete_at(struct btree_trans *trans,
+			       const struct bch_hash_desc desc,
 			       struct bch_hash_info *info,
-			       struct btree_iter *orig_iter)
+			       struct btree_iter *iter)
 {
-	struct btree_trans trans;
-	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	int ret;
-
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(orig_iter);
-
-	bch2_trans_init(&trans, orig_iter->c);
 retry:
-	bch2_trans_begin(&trans);
-
-	iter = bch2_trans_copy_iter(&trans, orig_iter);
-	if (IS_ERR(iter)) {
-		ret = PTR_ERR(iter);
-		goto err;
-	}
-
-	ret   = bch2_hash_delete_at(&trans, desc, info, iter) ?:
-		bch2_trans_commit(&trans, NULL, NULL,
+	ret   = bch2_hash_delete_at(trans, desc, info, iter) ?:
+		bch2_trans_commit(trans, NULL, NULL,
 				  BTREE_INSERT_ATOMIC|
 				  BTREE_INSERT_NOFAIL|
 				  BTREE_INSERT_LAZY_RW);
-err:
-	if (ret == -EINTR)
-		goto retry;
+	if (ret == -EINTR) {
+		ret = bch2_btree_iter_traverse(iter);
+		if (!ret)
+			goto retry;
+	}
 
-	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int hash_check_duplicates(const struct bch_hash_desc desc,
-				 struct hash_check *h, struct bch_fs *c,
-				 struct btree_iter *k_iter, struct bkey_s_c k)
+static int hash_check_duplicates(struct btree_trans *trans,
+			const struct bch_hash_desc desc, struct hash_check *h,
+			struct btree_iter *k_iter, struct bkey_s_c k)
 {
+	struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
 	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k2;
 	char buf[200];
@@ -238,7 +243,7 @@ static int hash_check_duplicates(const struct bch_hash_desc desc,
 				"duplicate hash table keys:\n%s",
 				(bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&PBUF(buf), c,
 						       k), buf))) {
-			ret = fsck_hash_delete_at(desc, &h->info, k_iter);
+			ret = fsck_hash_delete_at(trans, desc, &h->info, k_iter);
 			if (ret)
 				return ret;
 			ret = 1;
@@ -273,9 +278,9 @@ static bool key_has_correct_hash(const struct bch_hash_desc desc,
 		hash <= k.k->p.offset;
 }
 
-static int hash_check_key(const struct bch_hash_desc desc,
-			  struct btree_trans *trans, struct hash_check *h,
-			  struct btree_iter *k_iter, struct bkey_s_c k)
+static int hash_check_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
+			const struct bch_hash_desc desc, struct hash_check *h,
+			struct btree_iter *k_iter, struct bkey_s_c k)
 {
 	struct bch_fs *c = trans->c;
 	char buf[200];
@@ -311,7 +316,7 @@ static int hash_check_key(const struct bch_hash_desc desc,
 		return 1;
 	}
 
-	ret = hash_check_duplicates(desc, h, c, k_iter, k);
+	ret = hash_check_duplicates(trans, desc, h, k_iter, k);
 fsck_err:
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -416,14 +421,17 @@ noinline_for_stack
 static int check_extents(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
 	struct inode_walker w = inode_walker_init();
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	u64 i_sectors;
 	int ret = 0;
 
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
 	bch_verbose(c, "checking extents");
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS,
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS,
 			   POS(BCACHEFS_ROOT_INO, 0), 0, k) {
 		ret = walk_inode(c, &w, k.k->p.inode);
 		if (ret)
@@ -436,7 +444,7 @@ static int check_extents(struct bch_fs *c)
 			!S_ISREG(w.inode.bi_mode) && !S_ISLNK(w.inode.bi_mode), c,
 			"extent type %u for non regular file, inode %llu mode %o",
 			k.k->type, k.k->p.inode, w.inode.bi_mode)) {
-			bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+			bch2_trans_unlock(&trans);
 
 			ret = bch2_inode_truncate(c, k.k->p.inode, 0);
 			if (ret)
@@ -448,14 +456,14 @@ static int check_extents(struct bch_fs *c)
 			w.have_inode &&
 			!(w.inode.bi_flags & BCH_INODE_I_SECTORS_DIRTY) &&
 			w.inode.bi_sectors !=
-			(i_sectors = bch2_count_inode_sectors(c, w.cur_inum)),
+			(i_sectors = bch2_count_inode_sectors(&trans, w.cur_inum)),
 			c, "i_sectors wrong: got %llu, should be %llu",
 			w.inode.bi_sectors, i_sectors)) {
 			struct bkey_inode_buf p;
 
 			w.inode.bi_sectors = i_sectors;
 
-			bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+			bch2_trans_unlock(&trans);
 
 			bch2_inode_pack(&p, &w.inode);
 
@@ -469,7 +477,7 @@ static int check_extents(struct bch_fs *c)
 			}
 
 			/* revalidate iterator: */
-			k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(&iter);
+			k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(iter);
 		}
 
 		if (fsck_err_on(w.have_inode &&
@@ -478,7 +486,7 @@ static int check_extents(struct bch_fs *c)
 			k.k->p.offset > round_up(w.inode.bi_size, PAGE_SIZE) >> 9, c,
 			"extent type %u offset %llu past end of inode %llu, i_size %llu",
 			k.k->type, k.k->p.offset, k.k->p.inode, w.inode.bi_size)) {
-			bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+			bch2_trans_unlock(&trans);
 
 			ret = bch2_inode_truncate(c, k.k->p.inode,
 						  w.inode.bi_size);
@@ -489,7 +497,7 @@ static int check_extents(struct bch_fs *c)
 	}
 err:
 fsck_err:
-	return bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter) ?: ret;
+	return bch2_trans_exit(&trans) ?: ret;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -687,7 +695,8 @@ static int check_xattrs(struct bch_fs *c)
 		if (w.first_this_inode && w.have_inode)
 			hash_check_set_inode(&h, c, &w.inode);
 
-		ret = hash_check_key(bch2_xattr_hash_desc, &trans, &h, iter, k);
+		ret = hash_check_key(&trans, bch2_xattr_hash_desc,
+				     &h, iter, k);
 		if (ret)
 			goto fsck_err;
 	}
@@ -862,13 +871,16 @@ static int check_directory_structure(struct bch_fs *c,
 	struct inode_bitmap dirs_done = { NULL, 0 };
 	struct pathbuf path = { 0, 0, NULL };
 	struct pathbuf_entry *e;
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	struct bkey_s_c_dirent dirent;
 	bool had_unreachable;
 	u64 d_inum;
 	int ret = 0;
 
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
 	bch_verbose(c, "checking directory structure");
 
 	/* DFS: */
@@ -893,7 +905,7 @@ next:
 		if (e->offset == U64_MAX)
 			goto up;
 
-		for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_DIRENTS,
+		for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_DIRENTS,
 				   POS(e->inum, e->offset + 1), 0, k) {
 			if (k.k->p.inode != e->inum)
 				break;
@@ -913,7 +925,7 @@ next:
 			if (fsck_err_on(inode_bitmap_test(&dirs_done, d_inum), c,
 					"directory %llu has multiple hardlinks",
 					d_inum)) {
-				ret = remove_dirent(c, &iter, dirent);
+				ret = remove_dirent(c, iter, dirent);
 				if (ret)
 					goto err;
 				continue;
@@ -930,10 +942,14 @@ next:
 				goto err;
 			}
 
-			bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+			ret = bch2_trans_iter_free(&trans, iter);
+			if (ret) {
+				bch_err(c, "btree error %i in fsck", ret);
+				goto err;
+			}
 			goto next;
 		}
-		ret = bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+		ret = bch2_trans_iter_free(&trans, iter);
 		if (ret) {
 			bch_err(c, "btree error %i in fsck", ret);
 			goto err;
@@ -942,7 +958,7 @@ up:
 		path.nr--;
 	}
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_INODES, POS_MIN, 0, k) {
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_INODES, POS_MIN, 0, k) {
 		if (k.k->type != KEY_TYPE_inode)
 			continue;
 
@@ -955,7 +971,7 @@ up:
 		if (fsck_err_on(!inode_bitmap_test(&dirs_done, k.k->p.inode), c,
 				"unreachable directory found (inum %llu)",
 				k.k->p.inode)) {
-			bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+			bch2_btree_iter_unlock(iter);
 
 			ret = reattach_inode(c, lostfound_inode, k.k->p.inode);
 			if (ret) {
@@ -965,7 +981,7 @@ up:
 			had_unreachable = true;
 		}
 	}
-	ret = bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	ret = bch2_trans_iter_free(&trans, iter);
 	if (ret)
 		goto err;
 
@@ -984,7 +1000,7 @@ out:
 	return ret;
 err:
 fsck_err:
-	ret = bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter) ?: ret;
+	ret = bch2_trans_exit(&trans) ?: ret;
 	goto out;
 }
 
@@ -1021,15 +1037,18 @@ noinline_for_stack
 static int bch2_gc_walk_dirents(struct bch_fs *c, nlink_table *links,
 			       u64 range_start, u64 *range_end)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	struct bkey_s_c_dirent d;
 	u64 d_inum;
 	int ret;
 
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
 	inc_link(c, links, range_start, range_end, BCACHEFS_ROOT_INO, false);
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_DIRENTS, POS_MIN, 0, k) {
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_DIRENTS, POS_MIN, 0, k) {
 		switch (k.k->type) {
 		case KEY_TYPE_dirent:
 			d = bkey_s_c_to_dirent(k);
@@ -1045,32 +1064,15 @@ static int bch2_gc_walk_dirents(struct bch_fs *c, nlink_table *links,
 			break;
 		}
 
-		bch2_btree_iter_cond_resched(&iter);
+		bch2_trans_cond_resched(&trans);
 	}
-	ret = bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	ret = bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 	if (ret)
 		bch_err(c, "error in fs gc: btree error %i while walking dirents", ret);
 
 	return ret;
 }
 
-s64 bch2_count_inode_sectors(struct bch_fs *c, u64 inum)
-{
-	struct btree_iter iter;
-	struct bkey_s_c k;
-	u64 sectors = 0;
-
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS, POS(inum, 0), 0, k) {
-		if (k.k->p.inode != inum)
-			break;
-
-		if (bkey_extent_is_allocation(k.k))
-			sectors += k.k->size;
-	}
-
-	return bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter) ?: sectors;
-}
-
 static int check_inode_nlink(struct bch_fs *c,
 			     struct bch_inode_unpacked *lostfound_inode,
 			     struct bch_inode_unpacked *u,
@@ -1252,7 +1254,7 @@ static int check_inode(struct btree_trans *trans,
 		bch_verbose(c, "recounting sectors for inode %llu",
 			    u.bi_inum);
 
-		sectors = bch2_count_inode_sectors(c, u.bi_inum);
+		sectors = bch2_count_inode_sectors(trans, u.bi_inum);
 		if (sectors < 0) {
 			bch_err(c, "error in fs gc: error %i "
 				"recounting inode sectors",
@@ -1345,7 +1347,7 @@ peek_nlinks:	link = genradix_iter_peek(&nlinks_iter, links);
 			genradix_iter_advance(&nlinks_iter, links);
 
 		bch2_btree_iter_next(iter);
-		bch2_btree_iter_cond_resched(iter);
+		bch2_trans_cond_resched(&trans);
 	}
 fsck_err:
 	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/fsck.h b/fs/bcachefs/fsck.h
index bc9caaf23797..dc7ce68769fc 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/fsck.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/fsck.h
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #ifndef _BCACHEFS_FSCK_H
 #define _BCACHEFS_FSCK_H
 
-s64 bch2_count_inode_sectors(struct bch_fs *, u64);
 int bch2_fsck(struct bch_fs *);
 
 #endif /* _BCACHEFS_FSCK_H */
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/inode.c b/fs/bcachefs/inode.c
index a555a8afd27e..8b24bf092e73 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/inode.c
@@ -448,13 +448,15 @@ int bch2_inode_rm(struct bch_fs *c, u64 inode_nr)
 int bch2_inode_find_by_inum(struct bch_fs *c, u64 inode_nr,
 			    struct bch_inode_unpacked *inode)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	int ret = -ENOENT;
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_INODES,
-			   POS(inode_nr, 0),
-			   BTREE_ITER_SLOTS, k) {
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_INODES,
+			   POS(inode_nr, 0), BTREE_ITER_SLOTS, k) {
 		switch (k.k->type) {
 		case KEY_TYPE_inode:
 			ret = bch2_inode_unpack(bkey_s_c_to_inode(k), inode);
@@ -467,7 +469,7 @@ int bch2_inode_find_by_inum(struct bch_fs *c, u64 inode_nr,
 		break;
 	}
 
-	return bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter) ?: ret;
+	return bch2_trans_exit(&trans) ?: ret;
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/io.c b/fs/bcachefs/io.c
index 11b927e64a5d..80885885ced9 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/io.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/io.c
@@ -1245,27 +1245,28 @@ static void bch2_read_retry_nodecode(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_read_bio *rbio
 				     struct bch_io_failures *failed,
 				     unsigned flags)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	BKEY_PADDED(k) tmp;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	int ret;
 
 	flags &= ~BCH_READ_LAST_FRAGMENT;
 
-	bch2_btree_iter_init(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS,
-			     rbio->pos, BTREE_ITER_SLOTS);
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
+	iter = bch2_trans_get_iter(&trans, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS,
+				   rbio->pos, BTREE_ITER_SLOTS);
 retry:
 	rbio->bio.bi_status = 0;
 
-	k = bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(&iter);
-	if (btree_iter_err(k)) {
-		bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	k = bch2_btree_iter_peek_slot(iter);
+	if (btree_iter_err(k))
 		goto err;
-	}
 
 	bkey_reassemble(&tmp.k, k);
 	k = bkey_i_to_s_c(&tmp.k);
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	bch2_trans_unlock(&trans);
 
 	if (!bkey_extent_is_data(k.k) ||
 	    !bch2_extent_matches_ptr(c, bkey_i_to_s_c_extent(&tmp.k),
@@ -1282,25 +1283,30 @@ retry:
 		goto retry;
 	if (ret)
 		goto err;
-	goto out;
-err:
-	rbio->bio.bi_status = BLK_STS_IOERR;
 out:
 	bch2_rbio_done(rbio);
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
+	return;
+err:
+	rbio->bio.bi_status = BLK_STS_IOERR;
+	goto out;
 }
 
 static void bch2_read_retry(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_read_bio *rbio,
 			    struct bvec_iter bvec_iter, u64 inode,
 			    struct bch_io_failures *failed, unsigned flags)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	int ret;
 
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
 	flags &= ~BCH_READ_LAST_FRAGMENT;
 	flags |= BCH_READ_MUST_CLONE;
 retry:
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS,
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS,
 			   POS(inode, bvec_iter.bi_sector),
 			   BTREE_ITER_SLOTS, k) {
 		BKEY_PADDED(k) tmp;
@@ -1308,7 +1314,7 @@ retry:
 
 		bkey_reassemble(&tmp.k, k);
 		k = bkey_i_to_s_c(&tmp.k);
-		bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+		bch2_btree_iter_unlock(iter);
 
 		bytes = min_t(unsigned, bvec_iter.bi_size,
 			      (k.k->p.offset - bvec_iter.bi_sector) << 9);
@@ -1333,12 +1339,12 @@ retry:
 	 * If we get here, it better have been because there was an error
 	 * reading a btree node
 	 */
-	ret = bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
-	BUG_ON(!ret);
-	__bcache_io_error(c, "btree IO error %i", ret);
+	BUG_ON(!(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ERROR));
+	__bcache_io_error(c, "btree IO error");
 err:
 	rbio->bio.bi_status = BLK_STS_IOERR;
 out:
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 	bch2_rbio_done(rbio);
 }
 
@@ -1834,12 +1840,14 @@ out_read_done:
 
 void bch2_read(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_read_bio *rbio, u64 inode)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	unsigned flags = BCH_READ_RETRY_IF_STALE|
 		BCH_READ_MAY_PROMOTE|
 		BCH_READ_USER_MAPPED;
-	int ret;
+
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
 
 	BUG_ON(rbio->_state);
 	BUG_ON(flags & BCH_READ_NODECODE);
@@ -1848,7 +1856,7 @@ void bch2_read(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_read_bio *rbio, u64 inode)
 	rbio->c = c;
 	rbio->start_time = local_clock();
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS,
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS,
 			   POS(inode, rbio->bio.bi_iter.bi_sector),
 			   BTREE_ITER_SLOTS, k) {
 		BKEY_PADDED(k) tmp;
@@ -1860,7 +1868,7 @@ void bch2_read(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_read_bio *rbio, u64 inode)
 		 */
 		bkey_reassemble(&tmp.k, k);
 		k = bkey_i_to_s_c(&tmp.k);
-		bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+		bch2_btree_iter_unlock(iter);
 
 		bytes = min_t(unsigned, rbio->bio.bi_iter.bi_size,
 			      (k.k->p.offset - rbio->bio.bi_iter.bi_sector) << 9);
@@ -1882,9 +1890,10 @@ void bch2_read(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_read_bio *rbio, u64 inode)
 	 * If we get here, it better have been because there was an error
 	 * reading a btree node
 	 */
-	ret = bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
-	BUG_ON(!ret);
-	bcache_io_error(c, &rbio->bio, "btree IO error %i", ret);
+	BUG_ON(!(iter->flags & BTREE_ITER_ERROR));
+	bcache_io_error(c, &rbio->bio, "btree IO error");
+
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 	bch2_rbio_done(rbio);
 }
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/journal_seq_blacklist.c b/fs/bcachefs/journal_seq_blacklist.c
index dd0e8d2fce99..5bac41cf437c 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/journal_seq_blacklist.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/journal_seq_blacklist.c
@@ -61,9 +61,12 @@ static void journal_seq_blacklist_flush(struct journal *j,
 	closure_init_stack(&cl);
 
 	for (i = 0;; i++) {
-		struct btree_iter iter;
+		struct btree_trans trans;
+		struct btree_iter *iter;
 		struct btree *b;
 
+		bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
 		mutex_lock(&j->blacklist_lock);
 		if (i >= bl->nr_entries) {
 			mutex_unlock(&j->blacklist_lock);
@@ -72,17 +75,17 @@ static void journal_seq_blacklist_flush(struct journal *j,
 		n = bl->entries[i];
 		mutex_unlock(&j->blacklist_lock);
 
-		__bch2_btree_iter_init(&iter, c, n.btree_id, n.pos,
-				       0, 0, BTREE_ITER_NODES);
+		iter = bch2_trans_get_node_iter(&trans, n.btree_id, n.pos,
+						0, 0, 0);
 
-		b = bch2_btree_iter_peek_node(&iter);
+		b = bch2_btree_iter_peek_node(iter);
 
 		/* The node might have already been rewritten: */
 
 		if (b->data->keys.seq == n.seq) {
-			ret = bch2_btree_node_rewrite(c, &iter, n.seq, 0);
+			ret = bch2_btree_node_rewrite(c, iter, n.seq, 0);
 			if (ret) {
-				bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+				bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 				bch2_fs_fatal_error(c,
 					"error %i rewriting btree node with blacklisted journal seq",
 					ret);
@@ -91,7 +94,7 @@ static void journal_seq_blacklist_flush(struct journal *j,
 			}
 		}
 
-		bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+		bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 	}
 
 	for (i = 0;; i++) {
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/migrate.c b/fs/bcachefs/migrate.c
index 58d7d3a30cd5..3bae97dd65ce 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/migrate.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/migrate.c
@@ -105,7 +105,8 @@ static int bch2_dev_usrdata_drop(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned dev_idx, int flags)
 
 static int bch2_dev_metadata_drop(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned dev_idx, int flags)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct closure cl;
 	struct btree *b;
 	unsigned id;
@@ -115,13 +116,15 @@ static int bch2_dev_metadata_drop(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned dev_idx, int flags)
 	if (flags & BCH_FORCE_IF_METADATA_LOST)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
 	closure_init_stack(&cl);
 
 	mutex_lock(&c->replicas_gc_lock);
 	bch2_replicas_gc_start(c, 1 << BCH_DATA_BTREE);
 
 	for (id = 0; id < BTREE_ID_NR; id++) {
-		for_each_btree_node(&iter, c, id, POS_MIN, BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, b) {
+		for_each_btree_node(&trans, iter, id, POS_MIN,
+				    BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, b) {
 			__BKEY_PADDED(k, BKEY_BTREE_PTR_VAL_U64s_MAX) tmp;
 			struct bkey_i_btree_ptr *new_key;
 retry:
@@ -133,7 +136,7 @@ retry:
 				 * but got -EINTR after upgrading the iter, but
 				 * then raced and the node is now gone:
 				 */
-				bch2_btree_iter_downgrade(&iter);
+				bch2_btree_iter_downgrade(iter);
 
 				ret = bch2_mark_bkey_replicas(c, bkey_i_to_s_c(&b->key));
 				if (ret)
@@ -147,16 +150,16 @@ retry:
 				if (ret)
 					goto err;
 
-				ret = bch2_btree_node_update_key(c, &iter, b, new_key);
+				ret = bch2_btree_node_update_key(c, iter, b, new_key);
 				if (ret == -EINTR) {
-					b = bch2_btree_iter_peek_node(&iter);
+					b = bch2_btree_iter_peek_node(iter);
 					goto retry;
 				}
 				if (ret)
 					goto err;
 			}
 		}
-		bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+		bch2_trans_iter_free(&trans, iter);
 	}
 
 	/* flush relevant btree updates */
@@ -170,14 +173,13 @@ retry:
 	}
 
 	ret = 0;
-out:
+err:
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
+
 	ret = bch2_replicas_gc_end(c, ret);
 	mutex_unlock(&c->replicas_gc_lock);
 
 	return ret;
-err:
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
-	goto out;
 }
 
 int bch2_dev_data_drop(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned dev_idx, int flags)
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/move.c b/fs/bcachefs/move.c
index 3315bedcabfd..a382c4cd589c 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/move.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/move.c
@@ -486,6 +486,8 @@ int bch2_move_data(struct bch_fs *c,
 	struct moving_context ctxt = { .stats = stats };
 	struct bch_io_opts io_opts = bch2_opts_to_inode_opts(c->opts);
 	BKEY_PADDED(k) tmp;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	struct data_opts data_opts;
 	enum data_cmd data_cmd;
@@ -496,9 +498,14 @@ int bch2_move_data(struct bch_fs *c,
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctxt.reads);
 	init_waitqueue_head(&ctxt.wait);
 
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
 	stats->data_type = BCH_DATA_USER;
-	bch2_btree_iter_init(&stats->iter, c, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS, start,
-			     BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH);
+	stats->btree_id	= BTREE_ID_EXTENTS;
+	stats->pos	= POS_MIN;
+
+	iter = bch2_trans_get_iter(&trans, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS, start,
+				   BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH);
 
 	if (rate)
 		bch2_ratelimit_reset(rate);
@@ -508,7 +515,7 @@ int bch2_move_data(struct bch_fs *c,
 			delay = rate ? bch2_ratelimit_delay(rate) : 0;
 
 			if (delay) {
-				bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&stats->iter);
+				bch2_trans_unlock(&trans);
 				set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
 			}
 
@@ -521,13 +528,16 @@ int bch2_move_data(struct bch_fs *c,
 				schedule_timeout(delay);
 
 			if (unlikely(freezing(current))) {
-				bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&stats->iter);
+				bch2_trans_unlock(&trans);
 				move_ctxt_wait_event(&ctxt, list_empty(&ctxt.reads));
 				try_to_freeze();
 			}
 		} while (delay);
 peek:
-		k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(&stats->iter);
+		k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(iter);
+
+		stats->pos = iter->pos;
+
 		if (!k.k)
 			break;
 		ret = btree_iter_err(k);
@@ -543,7 +553,7 @@ peek:
 			struct bch_inode_unpacked inode;
 
 			/* don't hold btree locks while looking up inode: */
-			bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&stats->iter);
+			bch2_trans_unlock(&trans);
 
 			io_opts = bch2_opts_to_inode_opts(c->opts);
 			if (!bch2_inode_find_by_inum(c, k.k->p.inode, &inode))
@@ -568,7 +578,7 @@ peek:
 		/* unlock before doing IO: */
 		bkey_reassemble(&tmp.k, k);
 		k = bkey_i_to_s_c(&tmp.k);
-		bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&stats->iter);
+		bch2_trans_unlock(&trans);
 
 		ret2 = bch2_move_extent(c, &ctxt, wp, io_opts,
 					bkey_s_c_to_extent(k),
@@ -590,11 +600,11 @@ next:
 		atomic64_add(k.k->size * bch2_bkey_nr_dirty_ptrs(k),
 			     &stats->sectors_seen);
 next_nondata:
-		bch2_btree_iter_next(&stats->iter);
-		bch2_btree_iter_cond_resched(&stats->iter);
+		bch2_btree_iter_next(iter);
+		bch2_trans_cond_resched(&trans);
 	}
 out:
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&stats->iter);
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 
 	move_ctxt_wait_event(&ctxt, list_empty(&ctxt.reads));
 	closure_sync(&ctxt.cl);
@@ -610,20 +620,23 @@ out:
 
 static int bch2_gc_data_replicas(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	int ret;
 
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
 	mutex_lock(&c->replicas_gc_lock);
 	bch2_replicas_gc_start(c, (1 << BCH_DATA_USER)|(1 << BCH_DATA_CACHED));
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS, POS_MIN,
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS, POS_MIN,
 			   BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, k) {
 		ret = bch2_mark_bkey_replicas(c, k);
 		if (ret)
 			break;
 	}
-	ret = bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter) ?: ret;
+	ret = bch2_trans_exit(&trans) ?: ret;
 
 	bch2_replicas_gc_end(c, ret);
 	mutex_unlock(&c->replicas_gc_lock);
@@ -633,24 +646,30 @@ static int bch2_gc_data_replicas(struct bch_fs *c)
 
 static int bch2_gc_btree_replicas(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct btree *b;
 	unsigned id;
 	int ret = 0;
 
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
 	mutex_lock(&c->replicas_gc_lock);
 	bch2_replicas_gc_start(c, 1 << BCH_DATA_BTREE);
 
 	for (id = 0; id < BTREE_ID_NR; id++) {
-		for_each_btree_node(&iter, c, id, POS_MIN, BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, b) {
+		for_each_btree_node(&trans, iter, id, POS_MIN,
+				    BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, b) {
 			ret = bch2_mark_bkey_replicas(c, bkey_i_to_s_c(&b->key));
 
-			bch2_btree_iter_cond_resched(&iter);
+			bch2_trans_cond_resched(&trans);
 		}
 
-		ret = bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter) ?: ret;
+		ret = bch2_trans_iter_free(&trans, iter) ?: ret;
 	}
 
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
+
 	bch2_replicas_gc_end(c, ret);
 	mutex_unlock(&c->replicas_gc_lock);
 
@@ -663,16 +682,25 @@ static int bch2_move_btree(struct bch_fs *c,
 			   struct bch_move_stats *stats)
 {
 	struct bch_io_opts io_opts = bch2_opts_to_inode_opts(c->opts);
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct btree *b;
 	unsigned id;
 	struct data_opts data_opts;
 	enum data_cmd cmd;
 	int ret = 0;
 
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
 	stats->data_type = BCH_DATA_BTREE;
 
 	for (id = 0; id < BTREE_ID_NR; id++) {
-		for_each_btree_node(&stats->iter, c, id, POS_MIN, BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, b) {
+		stats->btree_id = id;
+
+		for_each_btree_node(&trans, iter, id, POS_MIN,
+				    BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, b) {
+			stats->pos = iter->pos;
+
 			switch ((cmd = pred(c, arg,
 					    bkey_i_to_s_c(&b->key),
 					    &io_opts, &data_opts))) {
@@ -687,15 +715,17 @@ static int bch2_move_btree(struct bch_fs *c,
 				BUG();
 			}
 
-			ret = bch2_btree_node_rewrite(c, &stats->iter,
+			ret = bch2_btree_node_rewrite(c, iter,
 					b->data->keys.seq, 0) ?: ret;
 next:
-			bch2_btree_iter_cond_resched(&stats->iter);
+			bch2_trans_cond_resched(&trans);
 		}
 
-		ret = bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&stats->iter) ?: ret;
+		ret = bch2_trans_iter_free(&trans, iter) ?: ret;
 	}
 
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
+
 	return ret;
 }
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/move_types.h b/fs/bcachefs/move_types.h
index 832542a879ab..7703ce43dce9 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/move_types.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/move_types.h
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 
 struct bch_move_stats {
 	enum bch_data_type	data_type;
-	struct btree_iter	iter;
+	enum btree_id		btree_id;
+	struct bpos		pos;
 
 	atomic64_t		keys_moved;
 	atomic64_t		sectors_moved;
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/quota.c b/fs/bcachefs/quota.c
index 6606e85cc8de..aef378d9cf4e 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/quota.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/quota.c
@@ -355,11 +355,14 @@ static int __bch2_quota_set(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k)
 
 static int bch2_quota_init_type(struct bch_fs *c, enum quota_types type)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	int ret = 0;
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_QUOTAS, POS(type, 0),
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_QUOTAS, POS(type, 0),
 			   BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, k) {
 		if (k.k->p.inode != type)
 			break;
@@ -369,7 +372,7 @@ static int bch2_quota_init_type(struct bch_fs *c, enum quota_types type)
 			break;
 	}
 
-	return bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter) ?: ret;
+	return bch2_trans_exit(&trans) ?: ret;
 }
 
 void bch2_fs_quota_exit(struct bch_fs *c)
@@ -413,7 +416,8 @@ int bch2_fs_quota_read(struct bch_fs *c)
 {
 	unsigned i, qtypes = enabled_qtypes(c);
 	struct bch_memquota_type *q;
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bch_inode_unpacked u;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	int ret;
@@ -428,7 +432,9 @@ int bch2_fs_quota_read(struct bch_fs *c)
 			return ret;
 	}
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_INODES, POS_MIN,
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_INODES, POS_MIN,
 			   BTREE_ITER_PREFETCH, k) {
 		switch (k.k->type) {
 		case KEY_TYPE_inode:
@@ -442,7 +448,7 @@ int bch2_fs_quota_read(struct bch_fs *c)
 					KEY_TYPE_QUOTA_NOCHECK);
 		}
 	}
-	return bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter) ?: ret;
+	return bch2_trans_exit(&trans) ?: ret;
 }
 
 /* Enable/disable/delete quotas for an entire filesystem: */
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/rebalance.c b/fs/bcachefs/rebalance.c
index 768c02845daf..d7698451f1ae 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/rebalance.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/rebalance.c
@@ -288,8 +288,8 @@ ssize_t bch2_rebalance_work_show(struct bch_fs *c, char *buf)
 	case REBALANCE_RUNNING:
 		pr_buf(&out, "running\n");
 		pr_buf(&out, "pos %llu:%llu\n",
-		       r->move_stats.iter.pos.inode,
-		       r->move_stats.iter.pos.offset);
+		       r->move_stats.pos.inode,
+		       r->move_stats.pos.offset);
 		break;
 	}
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/str_hash.h b/fs/bcachefs/str_hash.h
index f78f07bd5202..f928ca991043 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/str_hash.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/str_hash.h
@@ -203,13 +203,16 @@ int bch2_hash_needs_whiteout(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	for_each_btree_key_continue(iter, BTREE_ITER_SLOTS, k) {
 		if (k.k->type != desc.key_type &&
 		    k.k->type != KEY_TYPE_whiteout)
-			return false;
+			break;
 
 		if (k.k->type == desc.key_type &&
-		    desc.hash_bkey(info, k) <= start->pos.offset)
-			return true;
+		    desc.hash_bkey(info, k) <= start->pos.offset) {
+			bch2_trans_iter_free_on_commit(trans, iter);
+			return 1;
+		}
 	}
-	return btree_iter_err(k);
+
+	return bch2_trans_iter_free(trans, iter);
 }
 
 static __always_inline
@@ -220,6 +223,8 @@ int bch2_hash_set(struct btree_trans *trans,
 {
 	struct btree_iter *iter, *slot = NULL;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
+	bool found = false;
+	int ret = 0;
 
 	iter = bch2_trans_get_iter(trans, desc.btree_id,
 			POS(inode, desc.hash_bkey(info, bkey_i_to_s_c(insert))),
@@ -250,21 +255,30 @@ int bch2_hash_set(struct btree_trans *trans,
 			goto not_found;
 	}
 
-	return btree_iter_err(k) ?: -ENOSPC;
-not_found:
-	if (flags & BCH_HASH_SET_MUST_REPLACE)
-		return -ENOENT;
+	if (slot)
+		bch2_trans_iter_free(trans, iter);
 
-	insert->k.p = slot->pos;
-	bch2_trans_update(trans, BTREE_INSERT_ENTRY(slot, insert));
-	return 0;
+	return bch2_trans_iter_free(trans, iter) ?: -ENOSPC;
 found:
-	if (flags & BCH_HASH_SET_MUST_CREATE)
-		return -EEXIST;
+	found = true;
+not_found:
 
-	insert->k.p = iter->pos;
-	bch2_trans_update(trans, BTREE_INSERT_ENTRY(iter, insert));
-	return 0;
+	if (!found && (flags & BCH_HASH_SET_MUST_REPLACE)) {
+		ret = -ENOENT;
+	} else if (found && (flags & BCH_HASH_SET_MUST_CREATE)) {
+		ret = -EEXIST;
+	} else {
+		if (!found && slot) {
+			bch2_trans_iter_free(trans, iter);
+			iter = slot;
+		}
+
+		insert->k.p = iter->pos;
+		bch2_trans_update(trans, BTREE_INSERT_ENTRY(iter, insert));
+		bch2_trans_iter_free_on_commit(trans, iter);
+	}
+
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static __always_inline
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/sysfs.c b/fs/bcachefs/sysfs.c
index a6d70ce524e9..f97315139c71 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/sysfs.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/sysfs.c
@@ -281,7 +281,8 @@ static ssize_t show_fs_alloc_debug(struct bch_fs *c, char *buf)
 
 static ssize_t bch2_compression_stats(struct bch_fs *c, char *buf)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	u64 nr_uncompressed_extents = 0, uncompressed_sectors = 0,
 	    nr_compressed_extents = 0,
@@ -291,7 +292,9 @@ static ssize_t bch2_compression_stats(struct bch_fs *c, char *buf)
 	if (!test_bit(BCH_FS_STARTED, &c->flags))
 		return -EPERM;
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS, POS_MIN, 0, k)
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS, POS_MIN, 0, k)
 		if (k.k->type == KEY_TYPE_extent) {
 			struct bkey_s_c_extent e = bkey_s_c_to_extent(k);
 			const union bch_extent_entry *entry;
@@ -313,7 +316,7 @@ static ssize_t bch2_compression_stats(struct bch_fs *c, char *buf)
 				break;
 			}
 		}
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 
 	return scnprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE,
 			"uncompressed data:\n"
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/tests.c b/fs/bcachefs/tests.c
index c9362af56511..a7b6fef21aef 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/tests.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/tests.c
@@ -88,11 +88,14 @@ static void test_delete_written(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
 
 static void test_iterate(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	u64 i;
 	int ret;
 
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
 	delete_test_keys(c);
 
 	pr_info("inserting test keys");
@@ -112,28 +115,31 @@ static void test_iterate(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
 
 	i = 0;
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_DIRENTS, POS(0, 0), 0, k)
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_DIRENTS, POS(0, 0), 0, k)
 		BUG_ON(k.k->p.offset != i++);
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
 
 	BUG_ON(i != nr);
 
 	pr_info("iterating backwards");
 
-	while (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL((k = bch2_btree_iter_prev(&iter)).k))
+	while (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL((k = bch2_btree_iter_prev(iter)).k))
 		BUG_ON(k.k->p.offset != --i);
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
 
 	BUG_ON(i);
+
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 }
 
 static void test_iterate_extents(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	u64 i;
 	int ret;
 
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
 	delete_test_keys(c);
 
 	pr_info("inserting test extents");
@@ -154,32 +160,35 @@ static void test_iterate_extents(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
 
 	i = 0;
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS, POS(0, 0), 0, k) {
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS, POS(0, 0), 0, k) {
 		BUG_ON(bkey_start_offset(k.k) != i);
 		i = k.k->p.offset;
 	}
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
 
 	BUG_ON(i != nr);
 
 	pr_info("iterating backwards");
 
-	while (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL((k = bch2_btree_iter_prev(&iter)).k)) {
+	while (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL((k = bch2_btree_iter_prev(iter)).k)) {
 		BUG_ON(k.k->p.offset != i);
 		i = bkey_start_offset(k.k);
 	}
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
 
 	BUG_ON(i);
+
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 }
 
 static void test_iterate_slots(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	u64 i;
 	int ret;
 
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
 	delete_test_keys(c);
 
 	pr_info("inserting test keys");
@@ -199,11 +208,11 @@ static void test_iterate_slots(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
 
 	i = 0;
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_DIRENTS, POS(0, 0), 0, k) {
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_DIRENTS, POS(0, 0), 0, k) {
 		BUG_ON(k.k->p.offset != i);
 		i += 2;
 	}
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	bch2_trans_iter_free(&trans, iter);
 
 	BUG_ON(i != nr * 2);
 
@@ -211,7 +220,7 @@ static void test_iterate_slots(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
 
 	i = 0;
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_DIRENTS, POS(0, 0),
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_DIRENTS, POS(0, 0),
 			   BTREE_ITER_SLOTS, k) {
 		BUG_ON(bkey_deleted(k.k) != (i & 1));
 		BUG_ON(k.k->p.offset != i++);
@@ -219,16 +228,20 @@ static void test_iterate_slots(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
 		if (i == nr * 2)
 			break;
 	}
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 }
 
 static void test_iterate_slots_extents(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	u64 i;
 	int ret;
 
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
 	delete_test_keys(c);
 
 	pr_info("inserting test keys");
@@ -249,12 +262,12 @@ static void test_iterate_slots_extents(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
 
 	i = 0;
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS, POS(0, 0), 0, k) {
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS, POS(0, 0), 0, k) {
 		BUG_ON(bkey_start_offset(k.k) != i + 8);
 		BUG_ON(k.k->size != 8);
 		i += 16;
 	}
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	bch2_trans_iter_free(&trans, iter);
 
 	BUG_ON(i != nr);
 
@@ -262,7 +275,7 @@ static void test_iterate_slots_extents(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
 
 	i = 0;
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS, POS(0, 0),
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS, POS(0, 0),
 			   BTREE_ITER_SLOTS, k) {
 		BUG_ON(bkey_deleted(k.k) != !(i % 16));
 
@@ -273,7 +286,8 @@ static void test_iterate_slots_extents(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
 		if (i == nr)
 			break;
 	}
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -282,34 +296,40 @@ static void test_iterate_slots_extents(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
  */
 static void test_peek_end(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 
-	bch2_btree_iter_init(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_DIRENTS, POS_MIN, 0);
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
+	iter = bch2_trans_get_iter(&trans, BTREE_ID_DIRENTS, POS_MIN, 0);
 
-	k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(&iter);
+	k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(iter);
 	BUG_ON(k.k);
 
-	k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(&iter);
+	k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(iter);
 	BUG_ON(k.k);
 
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 }
 
 static void test_peek_end_extents(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 
-	bch2_btree_iter_init(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS, POS_MIN, 0);
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
+	iter = bch2_trans_get_iter(&trans, BTREE_ID_EXTENTS, POS_MIN, 0);
 
-	k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(&iter);
+	k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(iter);
 	BUG_ON(k.k);
 
-	k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(&iter);
+	k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(iter);
 	BUG_ON(k.k);
 
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 }
 
 /* extent unit tests */
@@ -400,32 +420,35 @@ static void rand_insert(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
 
 static void rand_lookup(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
 {
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
+	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	u64 i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
-		struct btree_iter iter;
-		struct bkey_s_c k;
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
 
-		bch2_btree_iter_init(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_DIRENTS,
-				     POS(0, test_rand()), 0);
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+		iter = bch2_trans_get_iter(&trans, BTREE_ID_DIRENTS,
+					   POS(0, test_rand()), 0);
 
-		k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(&iter);
-		bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+		k = bch2_btree_iter_peek(iter);
+		bch2_trans_iter_free(&trans, iter);
 	}
+
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 }
 
 static void rand_mixed(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
 {
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
+	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	int ret;
 	u64 i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
-		struct btree_trans trans;
-		struct btree_iter *iter;
-		struct bkey_s_c k;
-
-		bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
 
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
 		iter = bch2_trans_get_iter(&trans, BTREE_ID_DIRENTS,
 					   POS(0, test_rand()), 0);
 
@@ -442,9 +465,10 @@ static void rand_mixed(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
 			BUG_ON(ret);
 		}
 
-		bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
+		bch2_trans_iter_free(&trans, iter);
 	}
 
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 }
 
 static void rand_delete(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
@@ -494,12 +518,15 @@ static void seq_insert(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
 
 static void seq_lookup(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
 {
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_DIRENTS, POS_MIN, 0, k)
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_DIRENTS, POS_MIN, 0, k)
 		;
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 }
 
 static void seq_overwrite(struct bch_fs *c, u64 nr)
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/xattr.c b/fs/bcachefs/xattr.c
index b204b53bb9d6..5ba52a3ff0b2 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/xattr.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/xattr.c
@@ -270,12 +270,16 @@ ssize_t bch2_xattr_list(struct dentry *dentry, char *buffer, size_t buffer_size)
 {
 	struct bch_fs *c = dentry->d_sb->s_fs_info;
 	struct bch_inode_info *inode = to_bch_ei(dentry->d_inode);
-	struct btree_iter iter;
+	struct btree_trans trans;
+	struct btree_iter *iter;
 	struct bkey_s_c k;
 	u64 inum = dentry->d_inode->i_ino;
 	ssize_t ret = 0;
 
-	for_each_btree_key(&iter, c, BTREE_ID_XATTRS, POS(inum, 0), 0, k) {
+	bch2_trans_init(&trans, c);
+
+	for_each_btree_key(&trans, iter, BTREE_ID_XATTRS,
+			   POS(inum, 0), 0, k) {
 		BUG_ON(k.k->p.inode < inum);
 
 		if (k.k->p.inode > inum)
@@ -289,7 +293,7 @@ ssize_t bch2_xattr_list(struct dentry *dentry, char *buffer, size_t buffer_size)
 		if (ret < 0)
 			break;
 	}
-	bch2_btree_iter_unlock(&iter);
+	bch2_trans_exit(&trans);
 
 	if (ret < 0)
 		return ret;