bcachefs: Enumerate fsck errors

This patch adds a superblock error counter for every distinct fsck
error; this means that when analyzing filesystems out in the wild we'll
be able to see what sorts of inconsistencies are being found and repair,
and hence what bugs to look for.

Errors validating bkeys are not yet considered distinct fsck errors, but
this patch adds a new helper, bkey_fsck_err(), in order to add distinct
error types for them as well.

Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>

37 files changed, 1175 insertions, 738 deletions

diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.c b/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.c
index 455ee0b47f31..c342ec3b0385 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.c
@@ -192,114 +192,109 @@ static unsigned bch_alloc_v1_val_u64s(const struct bch_alloc *a)
 	return DIV_ROUND_UP(bytes, sizeof(u64));
 }
 
-int bch2_alloc_v1_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_alloc_v1_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			  enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 			  struct printbuf *err)
 {
 	struct bkey_s_c_alloc a = bkey_s_c_to_alloc(k);
+	int ret = 0;
 
 	/* allow for unknown fields */
-	if (bkey_val_u64s(a.k) < bch_alloc_v1_val_u64s(a.v)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "incorrect value size (%zu < %u)",
-		       bkey_val_u64s(a.k), bch_alloc_v1_val_u64s(a.v));
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(bkey_val_u64s(a.k) < bch_alloc_v1_val_u64s(a.v), c, err,
+			 alloc_v1_val_size_bad,
+			 "incorrect value size (%zu < %u)",
+			 bkey_val_u64s(a.k), bch_alloc_v1_val_u64s(a.v));
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
-int bch2_alloc_v2_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_alloc_v2_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			  enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 			  struct printbuf *err)
 {
 	struct bkey_alloc_unpacked u;
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	if (bch2_alloc_unpack_v2(&u, k)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "unpack error");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(bch2_alloc_unpack_v2(&u, k), c, err,
+			 alloc_v2_unpack_error,
+			 "unpack error");
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
-int bch2_alloc_v3_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_alloc_v3_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			  enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 			  struct printbuf *err)
 {
 	struct bkey_alloc_unpacked u;
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	if (bch2_alloc_unpack_v3(&u, k)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "unpack error");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(bch2_alloc_unpack_v3(&u, k), c, err,
+			 alloc_v2_unpack_error,
+			 "unpack error");
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
-int bch2_alloc_v4_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_alloc_v4_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			  enum bkey_invalid_flags flags, struct printbuf *err)
 {
 	struct bkey_s_c_alloc_v4 a = bkey_s_c_to_alloc_v4(k);
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	if (alloc_v4_u64s(a.v) > bkey_val_u64s(k.k)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "bad val size (%u > %zu)",
-		       alloc_v4_u64s(a.v), bkey_val_u64s(k.k));
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(alloc_v4_u64s(a.v) > bkey_val_u64s(k.k), c, err,
+			 alloc_v4_val_size_bad,
+			 "bad val size (%u > %zu)",
+			 alloc_v4_u64s(a.v), bkey_val_u64s(k.k));
 
-	if (!BCH_ALLOC_V4_BACKPOINTERS_START(a.v) &&
-	    BCH_ALLOC_V4_NR_BACKPOINTERS(a.v)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "invalid backpointers_start");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(!BCH_ALLOC_V4_BACKPOINTERS_START(a.v) &&
+			 BCH_ALLOC_V4_NR_BACKPOINTERS(a.v), c, err,
+			 alloc_v4_backpointers_start_bad,
+			 "invalid backpointers_start");
 
-	if (alloc_data_type(*a.v, a.v->data_type) != a.v->data_type) {
-		prt_printf(err, "invalid data type (got %u should be %u)",
-		       a.v->data_type, alloc_data_type(*a.v, a.v->data_type));
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(alloc_data_type(*a.v, a.v->data_type) != a.v->data_type, c, err,
+			 alloc_key_data_type_bad,
+			 "invalid data type (got %u should be %u)",
+			 a.v->data_type, alloc_data_type(*a.v, a.v->data_type));
 
 	switch (a.v->data_type) {
 	case BCH_DATA_free:
 	case BCH_DATA_need_gc_gens:
 	case BCH_DATA_need_discard:
-		if (a.v->dirty_sectors ||
-		    a.v->cached_sectors ||
-		    a.v->stripe) {
-			prt_printf(err, "empty data type free but have data");
-			return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-		}
+		bkey_fsck_err_on(a.v->dirty_sectors ||
+				 a.v->cached_sectors ||
+				 a.v->stripe, c, err,
+				 alloc_key_empty_but_have_data,
+				 "empty data type free but have data");
 		break;
 	case BCH_DATA_sb:
 	case BCH_DATA_journal:
 	case BCH_DATA_btree:
 	case BCH_DATA_user:
 	case BCH_DATA_parity:
-		if (!a.v->dirty_sectors) {
-			prt_printf(err, "data_type %s but dirty_sectors==0",
-			       bch2_data_types[a.v->data_type]);
-			return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-		}
+		bkey_fsck_err_on(!a.v->dirty_sectors, c, err,
+				 alloc_key_dirty_sectors_0,
+				 "data_type %s but dirty_sectors==0",
+				 bch2_data_types[a.v->data_type]);
 		break;
 	case BCH_DATA_cached:
-		if (!a.v->cached_sectors ||
-		    a.v->dirty_sectors ||
-		    a.v->stripe) {
-			prt_printf(err, "data type inconsistency");
-			return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-		}
-
-		if (!a.v->io_time[READ] &&
-		    c->curr_recovery_pass > BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_check_alloc_to_lru_refs) {
-			prt_printf(err, "cached bucket with read_time == 0");
-			return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-		}
+		bkey_fsck_err_on(!a.v->cached_sectors ||
+				 a.v->dirty_sectors ||
+				 a.v->stripe, c, err,
+				 alloc_key_cached_inconsistency,
+				 "data type inconsistency");
+
+		bkey_fsck_err_on(!a.v->io_time[READ] &&
+				 c->curr_recovery_pass > BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_check_alloc_to_lru_refs,
+				 c, err,
+				 alloc_key_cached_but_read_time_zero,
+				 "cached bucket with read_time == 0");
 		break;
 	case BCH_DATA_stripe:
 		break;
 	}
-
-	return 0;
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static inline u64 swab40(u64 x)
@@ -521,17 +516,18 @@ static unsigned alloc_gen(struct bkey_s_c k, unsigned offset)
 		: 0;
 }
 
-int bch2_bucket_gens_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_bucket_gens_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			     enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 			     struct printbuf *err)
 {
-	if (bkey_val_bytes(k.k) != sizeof(struct bch_bucket_gens)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "bad val size (%zu != %zu)",
-		       bkey_val_bytes(k.k), sizeof(struct bch_bucket_gens));
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	return 0;
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(bkey_val_bytes(k.k) != sizeof(struct bch_bucket_gens), c, err,
+			 bucket_gens_val_size_bad,
+			 "bad val size (%zu != %zu)",
+			 bkey_val_bytes(k.k), sizeof(struct bch_bucket_gens));
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
 void bch2_bucket_gens_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k)
@@ -986,6 +982,7 @@ int bch2_check_alloc_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	int ret;
 
 	if (fsck_err_on(!bch2_dev_bucket_exists(c, alloc_k.k->p), c,
+			alloc_key_to_missing_dev_bucket,
 			"alloc key for invalid device:bucket %llu:%llu",
 			alloc_k.k->p.inode, alloc_k.k->p.offset))
 		return bch2_btree_delete_at(trans, alloc_iter, 0);
@@ -1005,7 +1002,8 @@ int bch2_check_alloc_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 	if (k.k->type != discard_key_type &&
 	    (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
-	     fsck_err(c, "incorrect key in need_discard btree (got %s should be %s)\n"
+	     fsck_err(c, need_discard_key_wrong,
+		      "incorrect key in need_discard btree (got %s should be %s)\n"
 		      "  %s",
 		      bch2_bkey_types[k.k->type],
 		      bch2_bkey_types[discard_key_type],
@@ -1035,7 +1033,8 @@ int bch2_check_alloc_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 	if (k.k->type != freespace_key_type &&
 	    (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
-	     fsck_err(c, "incorrect key in freespace btree (got %s should be %s)\n"
+	     fsck_err(c, freespace_key_wrong,
+		      "incorrect key in freespace btree (got %s should be %s)\n"
 		      "  %s",
 		      bch2_bkey_types[k.k->type],
 		      bch2_bkey_types[freespace_key_type],
@@ -1066,7 +1065,8 @@ int bch2_check_alloc_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 	if (a->gen != alloc_gen(k, gens_offset) &&
 	    (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
-	     fsck_err(c, "incorrect gen in bucket_gens btree (got %u should be %u)\n"
+	     fsck_err(c, bucket_gens_key_wrong,
+		      "incorrect gen in bucket_gens btree (got %u should be %u)\n"
 		      "  %s",
 		      alloc_gen(k, gens_offset), a->gen,
 		      (printbuf_reset(&buf),
@@ -1124,7 +1124,8 @@ int bch2_check_alloc_hole_freespace(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 	if (k.k->type != KEY_TYPE_set &&
 	    (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
-	     fsck_err(c, "hole in alloc btree missing in freespace btree\n"
+	     fsck_err(c, freespace_hole_missing,
+		      "hole in alloc btree missing in freespace btree\n"
 		      "  device %llu buckets %llu-%llu",
 		      freespace_iter->pos.inode,
 		      freespace_iter->pos.offset,
@@ -1187,6 +1188,7 @@ int bch2_check_alloc_hole_bucket_gens(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 		for (i = gens_offset; i < gens_end_offset; i++) {
 			if (fsck_err_on(g.v.gens[i], c,
+					bucket_gens_hole_wrong,
 					"hole in alloc btree at %llu:%llu with nonzero gen in bucket_gens btree (%u)",
 					bucket_gens_pos_to_alloc(k.k->p, i).inode,
 					bucket_gens_pos_to_alloc(k.k->p, i).offset,
@@ -1244,6 +1246,7 @@ static noinline_for_stack int __bch2_check_discard_freespace_key(struct btree_tr
 		return ret;
 
 	if (fsck_err_on(!bch2_dev_bucket_exists(c, pos), c,
+			need_discard_freespace_key_to_invalid_dev_bucket,
 			"entry in %s btree for nonexistant dev:bucket %llu:%llu",
 			bch2_btree_id_str(iter->btree_id), pos.inode, pos.offset))
 		goto delete;
@@ -1253,6 +1256,7 @@ static noinline_for_stack int __bch2_check_discard_freespace_key(struct btree_tr
 	if (fsck_err_on(a->data_type != state ||
 			(state == BCH_DATA_free &&
 			 genbits != alloc_freespace_genbits(*a)), c,
+			need_discard_freespace_key_bad,
 			"%s\n  incorrectly set at %s:%llu:%llu:0 (free %u, genbits %llu should be %llu)",
 			(bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, alloc_k), buf.buf),
 			bch2_btree_id_str(iter->btree_id),
@@ -1320,6 +1324,7 @@ int bch2_check_bucket_gens_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	dev_exists = bch2_dev_exists2(c, k.k->p.inode);
 	if (!dev_exists) {
 		if (fsck_err_on(!dev_exists, c,
+				bucket_gens_to_invalid_dev,
 				"bucket_gens key for invalid device:\n  %s",
 				(bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf))) {
 			ret = bch2_btree_delete_at(trans, iter, 0);
@@ -1330,6 +1335,7 @@ int bch2_check_bucket_gens_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, k.k->p.inode);
 	if (fsck_err_on(end <= ca->mi.first_bucket ||
 			start >= ca->mi.nbuckets, c,
+			bucket_gens_to_invalid_buckets,
 			"bucket_gens key for invalid buckets:\n  %s",
 			(bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf))) {
 		ret = bch2_btree_delete_at(trans, iter, 0);
@@ -1338,6 +1344,7 @@ int bch2_check_bucket_gens_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 	for (b = start; b < ca->mi.first_bucket; b++)
 		if (fsck_err_on(g.v.gens[b & KEY_TYPE_BUCKET_GENS_MASK], c,
+				bucket_gens_nonzero_for_invalid_buckets,
 				"bucket_gens key has nonzero gen for invalid bucket")) {
 			g.v.gens[b & KEY_TYPE_BUCKET_GENS_MASK] = 0;
 			need_update = true;
@@ -1345,6 +1352,7 @@ int bch2_check_bucket_gens_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 	for (b = ca->mi.nbuckets; b < end; b++)
 		if (fsck_err_on(g.v.gens[b & KEY_TYPE_BUCKET_GENS_MASK], c,
+				bucket_gens_nonzero_for_invalid_buckets,
 				"bucket_gens key has nonzero gen for invalid bucket")) {
 			g.v.gens[b & KEY_TYPE_BUCKET_GENS_MASK] = 0;
 			need_update = true;
@@ -1495,11 +1503,13 @@ static int bch2_check_alloc_to_lru_ref(struct btree_trans *trans,
 		return ret;
 
 	if (fsck_err_on(!a->io_time[READ], c,
+			alloc_key_cached_but_read_time_zero,
 			"cached bucket with read_time 0\n"
 			"  %s",
 		(printbuf_reset(&buf),
 		 bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, alloc_k), buf.buf)) ||
 	    fsck_err_on(lru_k.k->type != KEY_TYPE_set, c,
+			alloc_key_to_missing_lru_entry,
 			"missing lru entry\n"
 			"  %s",
 			(printbuf_reset(&buf),
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.h b/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.h
index 97042067d2a9..e1ce38ef052e 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/alloc_background.h
@@ -149,13 +149,13 @@ struct bkey_i_alloc_v4 *bch2_alloc_to_v4_mut(struct btree_trans *, struct bkey_s
 
 int bch2_bucket_io_time_reset(struct btree_trans *, unsigned, size_t, int);
 
-int bch2_alloc_v1_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_alloc_v1_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 			  enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
-int bch2_alloc_v2_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_alloc_v2_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 			  enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
-int bch2_alloc_v3_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_alloc_v3_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 			  enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
-int bch2_alloc_v4_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_alloc_v4_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 			  enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
 void bch2_alloc_v4_swab(struct bkey_s);
 void bch2_alloc_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c);
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ void bch2_alloc_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c);
 	.min_val_size	= 48,				\
 })
 
-int bch2_bucket_gens_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_bucket_gens_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 			     enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
 void bch2_bucket_gens_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c);
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/backpointers.c b/fs/bcachefs/backpointers.c
index e74295c21a03..3b79bde1ce2f 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/backpointers.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/backpointers.c
@@ -37,19 +37,20 @@ static bool extent_matches_bp(struct bch_fs *c,
 	return false;
 }
 
-int bch2_backpointer_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_backpointer_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			     enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 			     struct printbuf *err)
 {
 	struct bkey_s_c_backpointer bp = bkey_s_c_to_backpointer(k);
 	struct bpos bucket = bp_pos_to_bucket(c, bp.k->p);
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	if (!bpos_eq(bp.k->p, bucket_pos_to_bp(c, bucket, bp.v->bucket_offset))) {
-		prt_str(err, "backpointer at wrong pos");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(!bpos_eq(bp.k->p, bucket_pos_to_bp(c, bucket, bp.v->bucket_offset)),
+			 c, err,
+			 backpointer_pos_wrong,
+			 "backpointer at wrong pos");
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
 void bch2_backpointer_to_text(struct printbuf *out, const struct bch_backpointer *bp)
@@ -356,6 +357,7 @@ static int bch2_check_btree_backpointer(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_
 	int ret = 0;
 
 	if (fsck_err_on(!bch2_dev_exists2(c, k.k->p.inode), c,
+			backpointer_to_missing_device,
 			"backpointer for missing device:\n%s",
 			(bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf))) {
 		ret = bch2_btree_delete_at(trans, bp_iter, 0);
@@ -369,6 +371,7 @@ static int bch2_check_btree_backpointer(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_
 		goto out;
 
 	if (fsck_err_on(alloc_k.k->type != KEY_TYPE_alloc_v4, c,
+			backpointer_to_missing_alloc,
 			"backpointer for nonexistent alloc key: %llu:%llu:0\n%s",
 			alloc_iter.pos.inode, alloc_iter.pos.offset,
 			(bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, alloc_k), buf.buf))) {
@@ -460,7 +463,7 @@ missing:
 
 	if (c->sb.version_upgrade_complete < bcachefs_metadata_version_backpointers ||
 	    c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
-	    fsck_err(c, "%s", buf.buf))
+	    fsck_err(c, ptr_to_missing_backpointer, "%s", buf.buf))
 		ret = bch2_bucket_backpointer_mod(trans, bucket, bp, orig_k, true);
 
 	goto out;
@@ -793,6 +796,7 @@ static int check_one_backpointer(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	}
 
 	if (fsck_err_on(!k.k, c,
+			backpointer_to_missing_ptr,
 			"backpointer for missing extent\n  %s",
 			(bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, bp.s_c), buf.buf))) {
 		ret = bch2_btree_delete_at_buffered(trans, BTREE_ID_backpointers, bp.k->p);
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/backpointers.h b/fs/bcachefs/backpointers.h
index 547e0617602a..4ab9f3562912 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/backpointers.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/backpointers.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include "buckets.h"
 #include "super.h"
 
-int bch2_backpointer_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_backpointer_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			     enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
 void bch2_backpointer_to_text(struct printbuf *, const struct bch_backpointer *);
 void bch2_backpointer_k_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c);
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/bkey_methods.c b/fs/bcachefs/bkey_methods.c
index baf491878bf1..2f518d7e1a64 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/bkey_methods.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/bkey_methods.c
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ const char * const bch2_bkey_types[] = {
 	NULL
 };
 
-static int deleted_key_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+static int deleted_key_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			       enum bkey_invalid_flags flags, struct printbuf *err)
 {
 	return 0;
@@ -40,23 +40,24 @@ static int deleted_key_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 	.key_invalid = deleted_key_invalid,		\
 })
 
-static int empty_val_key_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+static int empty_val_key_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 				 enum bkey_invalid_flags flags, struct printbuf *err)
 {
-	if (bkey_val_bytes(k.k)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "incorrect value size (%zu != 0)",
-		       bkey_val_bytes(k.k));
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(bkey_val_bytes(k.k), c, err,
+			 bkey_val_size_nonzero,
+			 "incorrect value size (%zu != 0)",
+			 bkey_val_bytes(k.k));
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
 #define bch2_bkey_ops_error ((struct bkey_ops) {	\
 	.key_invalid = empty_val_key_invalid,		\
 })
 
-static int key_type_cookie_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+static int key_type_cookie_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 				   enum bkey_invalid_flags flags, struct printbuf *err)
 {
 	return 0;
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ static int key_type_cookie_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 	.key_invalid = empty_val_key_invalid,		\
 })
 
-static int key_type_inline_data_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+static int key_type_inline_data_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 					enum bkey_invalid_flags flags, struct printbuf *err)
 {
 	return 0;
@@ -92,18 +93,6 @@ static void key_type_inline_data_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c,
 	.val_to_text	= key_type_inline_data_to_text,	\
 })
 
-static int key_type_set_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
-				enum bkey_invalid_flags flags, struct printbuf *err)
-{
-	if (bkey_val_bytes(k.k)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "incorrect value size (%zu != %zu)",
-		       bkey_val_bytes(k.k), sizeof(struct bch_cookie));
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
 static bool key_type_set_merge(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s l, struct bkey_s_c r)
 {
 	bch2_key_resize(l.k, l.k->size + r.k->size);
@@ -111,7 +100,7 @@ static bool key_type_set_merge(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s l, struct bkey_s_
 }
 
 #define bch2_bkey_ops_set ((struct bkey_ops) {		\
-	.key_invalid	= key_type_set_invalid,		\
+	.key_invalid	= empty_val_key_invalid,	\
 	.key_merge	= key_type_set_merge,		\
 })
 
@@ -129,17 +118,19 @@ int bch2_bkey_val_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			  struct printbuf *err)
 {
 	const struct bkey_ops *ops = bch2_bkey_type_ops(k.k->type);
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	if (bkey_val_bytes(k.k) < ops->min_val_size) {
-		prt_printf(err, "bad val size (%zu < %u)",
-			   bkey_val_bytes(k.k), ops->min_val_size);
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(bkey_val_bytes(k.k) < ops->min_val_size, c, err,
+			 bkey_val_size_too_small,
+			 "bad val size (%zu < %u)",
+			 bkey_val_bytes(k.k), ops->min_val_size);
 
 	if (!ops->key_invalid)
 		return 0;
 
-	return ops->key_invalid(c, k, flags, err);
+	ret = ops->key_invalid(c, k, flags, err);
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static u64 bch2_key_types_allowed[] = {
@@ -162,61 +153,55 @@ int __bch2_bkey_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 			struct printbuf *err)
 {
-	if (k.k->u64s < BKEY_U64s) {
-		prt_printf(err, "u64s too small (%u < %zu)", k.k->u64s, BKEY_U64s);
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(k.k->u64s < BKEY_U64s, c, err,
+			 bkey_u64s_too_small,
+			 "u64s too small (%u < %zu)", k.k->u64s, BKEY_U64s);
 
 	if (type >= BKEY_TYPE_NR)
 		return 0;
 
-	if (flags & BKEY_INVALID_COMMIT	 &&
-	    !(bch2_key_types_allowed[type] & BIT_ULL(k.k->type))) {
-		prt_printf(err, "invalid key type for btree %s (%s)",
-			   bch2_btree_node_type_str(type), bch2_bkey_types[k.k->type]);
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on((flags & BKEY_INVALID_COMMIT) &&
+			 !(bch2_key_types_allowed[type] & BIT_ULL(k.k->type)), c, err,
+			 bkey_invalid_type_for_btree,
+			 "invalid key type for btree %s (%s)",
+			 bch2_btree_node_type_str(type), bch2_bkey_types[k.k->type]);
 
 	if (btree_node_type_is_extents(type) && !bkey_whiteout(k.k)) {
-		if (k.k->size == 0) {
-			prt_printf(err, "size == 0");
-			return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-		}
-
-		if (k.k->size > k.k->p.offset) {
-			prt_printf(err, "size greater than offset (%u > %llu)",
-			       k.k->size, k.k->p.offset);
-			return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-		}
+		bkey_fsck_err_on(k.k->size == 0, c, err,
+				 bkey_extent_size_zero,
+				 "size == 0");
+
+		bkey_fsck_err_on(k.k->size > k.k->p.offset, c, err,
+				 bkey_extent_size_greater_than_offset,
+				 "size greater than offset (%u > %llu)",
+				 k.k->size, k.k->p.offset);
 	} else {
-		if (k.k->size) {
-			prt_printf(err, "size != 0");
-			return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-		}
+		bkey_fsck_err_on(k.k->size, c, err,
+				 bkey_size_nonzero,
+				 "size != 0");
 	}
 
 	if (type != BKEY_TYPE_btree) {
 		enum btree_id btree = type - 1;
 
-		if (!btree_type_has_snapshots(btree) &&
-		    k.k->p.snapshot) {
-			prt_printf(err, "nonzero snapshot");
-			return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-		}
+		bkey_fsck_err_on(!btree_type_has_snapshots(btree) &&
+				 k.k->p.snapshot, c, err,
+				 bkey_snapshot_nonzero,
+				 "nonzero snapshot");
 
-		if (btree_type_has_snapshots(btree) &&
-		    !k.k->p.snapshot) {
-			prt_printf(err, "snapshot == 0");
-			return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-		}
+		bkey_fsck_err_on(btree_type_has_snapshots(btree) &&
+				 !k.k->p.snapshot, c, err,
+				 bkey_snapshot_zero,
+				 "snapshot == 0");
 
-		if (bkey_eq(k.k->p, POS_MAX)) {
-			prt_printf(err, "key at POS_MAX");
-			return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-		}
+		bkey_fsck_err_on(bkey_eq(k.k->p, POS_MAX), c, err,
+				 bkey_at_pos_max,
+				 "key at POS_MAX");
 	}
-
-	return 0;
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
 int bch2_bkey_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
@@ -228,20 +213,20 @@ int bch2_bkey_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 		bch2_bkey_val_invalid(c, k, flags, err);
 }
 
-int bch2_bkey_in_btree_node(struct btree *b, struct bkey_s_c k,
-			    struct printbuf *err)
+int bch2_bkey_in_btree_node(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
+			    struct bkey_s_c k, struct printbuf *err)
 {
-	if (bpos_lt(k.k->p, b->data->min_key)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "key before start of btree node");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	if (bpos_gt(k.k->p, b->data->max_key)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "key past end of btree node");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(bpos_lt(k.k->p, b->data->min_key), c, err,
+			 bkey_before_start_of_btree_node,
+			 "key before start of btree node");
 
-	return 0;
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(bpos_gt(k.k->p, b->data->max_key), c, err,
+			 bkey_after_end_of_btree_node,
+			 "key past end of btree node");
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
 void bch2_bpos_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bpos pos)
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/bkey_methods.h b/fs/bcachefs/bkey_methods.h
index c829c8e381a7..3a370b7087ac 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/bkey_methods.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/bkey_methods.h
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ extern const struct bkey_ops bch2_bkey_null_ops;
  * being read or written; more aggressive checks can be enabled when rw == WRITE.
  */
 struct bkey_ops {
-	int		(*key_invalid)(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+	int		(*key_invalid)(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 				       enum bkey_invalid_flags flags, struct printbuf *err);
 	void		(*val_to_text)(struct printbuf *, struct bch_fs *,
 				       struct bkey_s_c);
@@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ int __bch2_bkey_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c, enum btree_node_type,
 			enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
 int bch2_bkey_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c, enum btree_node_type,
 		      enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
-int bch2_bkey_in_btree_node(struct btree *, struct bkey_s_c, struct printbuf *);
+int bch2_bkey_in_btree_node(struct bch_fs *, struct btree *,
+			    struct bkey_s_c, struct printbuf *);
 
 void bch2_bpos_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct bpos);
 void bch2_bkey_to_text(struct printbuf *, const struct bkey *);
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
index 475f8e8d9185..7cd517ae5bf4 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_gc.c
@@ -95,15 +95,15 @@ static int bch2_gc_check_topology(struct bch_fs *c,
 			bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf2, c, bkey_i_to_s_c(cur.k));
 
 			if (__fsck_err(c,
-				  FSCK_CAN_FIX|
-				  FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|
-				  FSCK_NO_RATELIMIT,
-				  "btree node with incorrect min_key at btree %s level %u:\n"
-				  "  prev %s\n"
-				  "  cur %s",
-				  bch2_btree_id_str(b->c.btree_id), b->c.level,
-				  buf1.buf, buf2.buf) &&
-			    should_restart_for_topology_repair(c)) {
+				       FSCK_CAN_FIX|
+				       FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|
+				       FSCK_NO_RATELIMIT,
+				       btree_node_topology_bad_min_key,
+				       "btree node with incorrect min_key at btree %s level %u:\n"
+				       "  prev %s\n"
+				       "  cur %s",
+				       bch2_btree_id_str(b->c.btree_id), b->c.level,
+				       buf1.buf, buf2.buf) && should_restart_for_topology_repair(c)) {
 				bch_info(c, "Halting mark and sweep to start topology repair pass");
 				ret = bch2_run_explicit_recovery_pass(c, BCH_RECOVERY_PASS_check_topology);
 				goto err;
@@ -122,10 +122,8 @@ static int bch2_gc_check_topology(struct bch_fs *c,
 		bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf1, c, bkey_i_to_s_c(cur.k));
 		bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf2, node_end);
 
-		if (__fsck_err(c,
-			  FSCK_CAN_FIX|
-			  FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|
-			  FSCK_NO_RATELIMIT,
+		if (__fsck_err(c, FSCK_CAN_FIX|FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|FSCK_NO_RATELIMIT,
+			  btree_node_topology_bad_max_key,
 			  "btree node with incorrect max_key at btree %s level %u:\n"
 			  "  %s\n"
 			  "  expected %s",
@@ -287,6 +285,7 @@ static int btree_repair_node_boundaries(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 
 		if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(bpos_ge(prev->data->min_key,
 						cur->data->min_key), c,
+				btree_node_topology_overwritten_by_next_node,
 				"btree node overwritten by next node at btree %s level %u:\n"
 				"  node %s\n"
 				"  next %s",
@@ -298,6 +297,7 @@ static int btree_repair_node_boundaries(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 
 		if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(!bpos_eq(prev->key.k.p,
 						 bpos_predecessor(cur->data->min_key)), c,
+				btree_node_topology_bad_max_key,
 				"btree node with incorrect max_key at btree %s level %u:\n"
 				"  node %s\n"
 				"  next %s",
@@ -310,6 +310,7 @@ static int btree_repair_node_boundaries(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 
 		if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(bpos_ge(expected_start,
 						cur->data->max_key), c,
+				btree_node_topology_overwritten_by_prev_node,
 				"btree node overwritten by prev node at btree %s level %u:\n"
 				"  prev %s\n"
 				"  node %s",
@@ -320,6 +321,7 @@ static int btree_repair_node_boundaries(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 		}
 
 		if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(!bpos_eq(expected_start, cur->data->min_key), c,
+				btree_node_topology_bad_min_key,
 				"btree node with incorrect min_key at btree %s level %u:\n"
 				"  prev %s\n"
 				"  node %s",
@@ -344,6 +346,7 @@ static int btree_repair_node_end(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 	bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf2, b->key.k.p);
 
 	if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(!bpos_eq(child->key.k.p, b->key.k.p), c,
+				btree_node_topology_bad_max_key,
 			"btree node with incorrect max_key at btree %s level %u:\n"
 			"  %s\n"
 			"  expected %s",
@@ -396,6 +399,7 @@ again:
 		bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, bkey_i_to_s_c(cur_k.k));
 
 		if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(ret == -EIO, c,
+				btree_node_unreadable,
 				"Topology repair: unreadable btree node at btree %s level %u:\n"
 				"  %s",
 				bch2_btree_id_str(b->c.btree_id),
@@ -504,6 +508,7 @@ again:
 	bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, bkey_i_to_s_c(&b->key));
 
 	if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(!have_child, c,
+			btree_node_topology_interior_node_empty,
 			"empty interior btree node at btree %s level %u\n"
 			"  %s",
 			bch2_btree_id_str(b->c.btree_id),
@@ -582,7 +587,8 @@ static int bch2_check_fix_ptrs(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id
 
 		if (!g->gen_valid &&
 		    (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
-		     fsck_err(c, "bucket %u:%zu data type %s ptr gen %u missing in alloc btree\n"
+		     fsck_err(c, ptr_to_missing_alloc_key,
+			      "bucket %u:%zu data type %s ptr gen %u missing in alloc btree\n"
 			      "while marking %s",
 			      p.ptr.dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &p.ptr),
 			      bch2_data_types[ptr_data_type(k->k, &p.ptr)],
@@ -599,7 +605,8 @@ static int bch2_check_fix_ptrs(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id
 
 		if (gen_cmp(p.ptr.gen, g->gen) > 0 &&
 		    (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
-		     fsck_err(c, "bucket %u:%zu data type %s ptr gen in the future: %u > %u\n"
+		     fsck_err(c, ptr_gen_newer_than_bucket_gen,
+			      "bucket %u:%zu data type %s ptr gen in the future: %u > %u\n"
 			      "while marking %s",
 			      p.ptr.dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &p.ptr),
 			      bch2_data_types[ptr_data_type(k->k, &p.ptr)],
@@ -620,7 +627,8 @@ static int bch2_check_fix_ptrs(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id
 
 		if (gen_cmp(g->gen, p.ptr.gen) > BUCKET_GC_GEN_MAX &&
 		    (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
-		     fsck_err(c, "bucket %u:%zu gen %u data type %s: ptr gen %u too stale\n"
+		     fsck_err(c, ptr_gen_newer_than_bucket_gen,
+			      "bucket %u:%zu gen %u data type %s: ptr gen %u too stale\n"
 			      "while marking %s",
 			      p.ptr.dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &p.ptr), g->gen,
 			      bch2_data_types[ptr_data_type(k->k, &p.ptr)],
@@ -631,7 +639,8 @@ static int bch2_check_fix_ptrs(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id
 
 		if (!p.ptr.cached && gen_cmp(p.ptr.gen, g->gen) < 0 &&
 		    (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
-		     fsck_err(c, "bucket %u:%zu data type %s stale dirty ptr: %u < %u\n"
+		     fsck_err(c, stale_dirty_ptr,
+			      "bucket %u:%zu data type %s stale dirty ptr: %u < %u\n"
 			      "while marking %s",
 			      p.ptr.dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &p.ptr),
 			      bch2_data_types[ptr_data_type(k->k, &p.ptr)],
@@ -645,6 +654,7 @@ static int bch2_check_fix_ptrs(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id
 
 		if (fsck_err_on(bucket_data_type(g->data_type) &&
 				bucket_data_type(g->data_type) != data_type, c,
+				ptr_bucket_data_type_mismatch,
 				"bucket %u:%zu different types of data in same bucket: %s, %s\n"
 				"while marking %s",
 				p.ptr.dev, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &p.ptr),
@@ -664,6 +674,7 @@ static int bch2_check_fix_ptrs(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id
 			struct gc_stripe *m = genradix_ptr(&c->gc_stripes, p.ec.idx);
 
 			if (fsck_err_on(!m || !m->alive, c,
+					ptr_to_missing_stripe,
 					"pointer to nonexistent stripe %llu\n"
 					"while marking %s",
 					(u64) p.ec.idx,
@@ -672,6 +683,7 @@ static int bch2_check_fix_ptrs(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id
 				do_update = true;
 
 			if (fsck_err_on(m && m->alive && !bch2_ptr_matches_stripe_m(m, p), c,
+					ptr_to_incorrect_stripe,
 					"pointer does not match stripe %llu\n"
 					"while marking %s",
 					(u64) p.ec.idx,
@@ -811,6 +823,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_mark_key(struct btree_trans *trans, enum btree_id btree_id,
 			goto err;
 
 		if (fsck_err_on(k->k->version.lo > atomic64_read(&c->key_version), c,
+				bkey_version_in_future,
 				"key version number higher than recorded: %llu > %llu",
 				k->k->version.lo,
 				atomic64_read(&c->key_version)))
@@ -968,6 +981,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_btree_init_recurse(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree *b
 					  FSCK_CAN_FIX|
 					  FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|
 					  FSCK_NO_RATELIMIT,
+					  btree_node_read_error,
 					  "Unreadable btree node at btree %s level %u:\n"
 					  "  %s",
 					  bch2_btree_id_str(b->c.btree_id),
@@ -1025,6 +1039,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_btree_init(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	printbuf_reset(&buf);
 	bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf, b->data->min_key);
 	if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(!bpos_eq(b->data->min_key, POS_MIN), c,
+				btree_root_bad_min_key,
 			"btree root with incorrect min_key: %s", buf.buf)) {
 		bch_err(c, "repair unimplemented");
 		ret = -BCH_ERR_fsck_repair_unimplemented;
@@ -1034,6 +1049,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_btree_init(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	printbuf_reset(&buf);
 	bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf, b->data->max_key);
 	if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(!bpos_eq(b->data->max_key, SPOS_MAX), c,
+				btree_root_bad_max_key,
 			"btree root with incorrect max_key: %s", buf.buf)) {
 		bch_err(c, "repair unimplemented");
 		ret = -BCH_ERR_fsck_repair_unimplemented;
@@ -1210,16 +1226,16 @@ static int bch2_gc_done(struct bch_fs *c,
 
 	percpu_down_write(&c->mark_lock);
 
-#define copy_field(_f, _msg, ...)					\
+#define copy_field(_err, _f, _msg, ...)					\
 	if (dst->_f != src->_f &&					\
 	    (!verify ||							\
-	     fsck_err(c, _msg ": got %llu, should be %llu"		\
+	     fsck_err(c, _err, _msg ": got %llu, should be %llu"	\
 		      , ##__VA_ARGS__, dst->_f, src->_f)))		\
 		dst->_f = src->_f
-#define copy_dev_field(_f, _msg, ...)					\
-	copy_field(_f, "dev %u has wrong " _msg, dev, ##__VA_ARGS__)
-#define copy_fs_field(_f, _msg, ...)					\
-	copy_field(_f, "fs has wrong " _msg, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define copy_dev_field(_err, _f, _msg, ...)				\
+	copy_field(_err, _f, "dev %u has wrong " _msg, dev, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define copy_fs_field(_err, _f, _msg, ...)				\
+	copy_field(_err, _f, "fs has wrong " _msg, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(c->usage); i++)
 		bch2_fs_usage_acc_to_base(c, i);
@@ -1230,13 +1246,17 @@ static int bch2_gc_done(struct bch_fs *c,
 			bch2_acc_percpu_u64s((u64 __percpu *) ca->usage_gc,
 					     dev_usage_u64s());
 
-		copy_dev_field(buckets_ec,		"buckets_ec");
-
 		for (i = 0; i < BCH_DATA_NR; i++) {
-			copy_dev_field(d[i].buckets,	"%s buckets", bch2_data_types[i]);
-			copy_dev_field(d[i].sectors,	"%s sectors", bch2_data_types[i]);
-			copy_dev_field(d[i].fragmented,	"%s fragmented", bch2_data_types[i]);
+			copy_dev_field(dev_usage_buckets_wrong,
+				       d[i].buckets,	"%s buckets", bch2_data_types[i]);
+			copy_dev_field(dev_usage_sectors_wrong,
+				       d[i].sectors,	"%s sectors", bch2_data_types[i]);
+			copy_dev_field(dev_usage_fragmented_wrong,
+				       d[i].fragmented,	"%s fragmented", bch2_data_types[i]);
 		}
+
+		copy_dev_field(dev_usage_buckets_ec_wrong,
+			       buckets_ec,		"buckets_ec");
 	}
 
 	{
@@ -1245,17 +1265,24 @@ static int bch2_gc_done(struct bch_fs *c,
 		struct bch_fs_usage *src = (void *)
 			bch2_acc_percpu_u64s((u64 __percpu *) c->usage_gc, nr);
 
-		copy_fs_field(hidden,		"hidden");
-		copy_fs_field(btree,		"btree");
+		copy_fs_field(fs_usage_hidden_wrong,
+			      hidden,		"hidden");
+		copy_fs_field(fs_usage_btree_wrong,
+			      btree,		"btree");
 
 		if (!metadata_only) {
-			copy_fs_field(data,	"data");
-			copy_fs_field(cached,	"cached");
-			copy_fs_field(reserved,	"reserved");
-			copy_fs_field(nr_inodes,"nr_inodes");
+			copy_fs_field(fs_usage_data_wrong,
+				      data,	"data");
+			copy_fs_field(fs_usage_cached_wrong,
+				      cached,	"cached");
+			copy_fs_field(fs_usage_reserved_wrong,
+				      reserved,	"reserved");
+			copy_fs_field(fs_usage_nr_inodes_wrong,
+				      nr_inodes,"nr_inodes");
 
 			for (i = 0; i < BCH_REPLICAS_MAX; i++)
-				copy_fs_field(persistent_reserved[i],
+				copy_fs_field(fs_usage_persistent_reserved_wrong,
+					      persistent_reserved[i],
 					      "persistent_reserved[%i]", i);
 		}
 
@@ -1271,7 +1298,8 @@ static int bch2_gc_done(struct bch_fs *c,
 			printbuf_reset(&buf);
 			bch2_replicas_entry_to_text(&buf, e);
 
-			copy_fs_field(replicas[i], "%s", buf.buf);
+			copy_fs_field(fs_usage_replicas_wrong,
+				      replicas[i], "%s", buf.buf);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1407,6 +1435,7 @@ static int bch2_alloc_write_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 	if (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
 	    fsck_err_on(new.data_type != gc.data_type, c,
+			alloc_key_data_type_wrong,
 			"bucket %llu:%llu gen %u has wrong data_type"
 			": got %s, should be %s",
 			iter->pos.inode, iter->pos.offset,
@@ -1415,9 +1444,9 @@ static int bch2_alloc_write_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
 			bch2_data_types[gc.data_type]))
 		new.data_type = gc.data_type;
 
-#define copy_bucket_field(_f)						\
+#define copy_bucket_field(_errtype, _f)					\
 	if (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||				\
-	    fsck_err_on(new._f != gc._f, c,				\
+	    fsck_err_on(new._f != gc._f, c, _errtype,			\
 			"bucket %llu:%llu gen %u data type %s has wrong " #_f	\
 			": got %u, should be %u",			\
 			iter->pos.inode, iter->pos.offset,		\
@@ -1426,11 +1455,16 @@ static int bch2_alloc_write_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
 			new._f, gc._f))					\
 		new._f = gc._f;						\
 
-	copy_bucket_field(gen);
-	copy_bucket_field(dirty_sectors);
-	copy_bucket_field(cached_sectors);
-	copy_bucket_field(stripe_redundancy);
-	copy_bucket_field(stripe);
+	copy_bucket_field(alloc_key_gen_wrong,
+			  gen);
+	copy_bucket_field(alloc_key_dirty_sectors_wrong,
+			  dirty_sectors);
+	copy_bucket_field(alloc_key_cached_sectors_wrong,
+			  cached_sectors);
+	copy_bucket_field(alloc_key_stripe_wrong,
+			  stripe);
+	copy_bucket_field(alloc_key_stripe_redundancy_wrong,
+			  stripe_redundancy);
 #undef copy_bucket_field
 
 	if (!bch2_alloc_v4_cmp(*old, new))
@@ -1587,6 +1621,7 @@ static int bch2_gc_write_reflink_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	}
 
 	if (fsck_err_on(r->refcount != le64_to_cpu(*refcount), c,
+			reflink_v_refcount_wrong,
 			"reflink key has wrong refcount:\n"
 			"  %s\n"
 			"  should be %u",
@@ -1712,7 +1747,8 @@ static int bch2_gc_write_stripes_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	if (bad)
 		bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k);
 
-	if (fsck_err_on(bad, c, "%s", buf.buf)) {
+	if (fsck_err_on(bad, c, stripe_sector_count_wrong,
+			"%s", buf.buf)) {
 		struct bkey_i_stripe *new;
 
 		new = bch2_trans_kmalloc(trans, bkey_bytes(k.k));
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_io.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_io.c
index f398c8095f07..4d2d6f93500d 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_io.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_io.c
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@ static void btree_err_msg(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c,
 	prt_str(out, ": ");
 }
 
-__printf(8, 9)
+__printf(9, 10)
 static int __btree_err(int ret,
 		       struct bch_fs *c,
 		       struct bch_dev *ca,
@@ -538,6 +538,7 @@ static int __btree_err(int ret,
 		       struct bset *i,
 		       int write,
 		       bool have_retry,
+		       enum bch_sb_error_id err_type,
 		       const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	struct printbuf out = PRINTBUF;
@@ -562,9 +563,15 @@ static int __btree_err(int ret,
 	if (!have_retry && ret == -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_must_retry)
 		ret = -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_bad_node;
 
+	if (ret != -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable)
+		bch2_sb_error_count(c, err_type);
+
 	switch (ret) {
 	case -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable:
-		mustfix_fsck_err(c, "%s", out.buf);
+		ret = bch2_fsck_err(c, FSCK_CAN_FIX, err_type, "%s", out.buf);
+		if (ret != -BCH_ERR_fsck_fix &&
+		    ret != -BCH_ERR_fsck_ignore)
+			goto fsck_err;
 		ret = -BCH_ERR_fsck_fix;
 		break;
 	case -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_want_retry:
@@ -589,9 +596,11 @@ fsck_err:
 	return ret;
 }
 
-#define btree_err(type, c, ca, b, i, msg, ...)				\
+#define btree_err(type, c, ca, b, i, _err_type, msg, ...)		\
 ({									\
-	int _ret = __btree_err(type, c, ca, b, i, write, have_retry, msg, ##__VA_ARGS__);\
+	int _ret = __btree_err(type, c, ca, b, i, write, have_retry,	\
+			       BCH_FSCK_ERR_##_err_type,		\
+			       msg, ##__VA_ARGS__);			\
 									\
 	if (_ret != -BCH_ERR_fsck_fix) {				\
 		ret = _ret;						\
@@ -666,13 +675,17 @@ static int validate_bset(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 	int ret = 0;
 
 	btree_err_on(!bch2_version_compatible(version),
-		     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_incompatible, c, ca, b, i,
+		     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_incompatible,
+		     c, ca, b, i,
+		     btree_node_unsupported_version,
 		     "unsupported bset version %u.%u",
 		     BCH_VERSION_MAJOR(version),
 		     BCH_VERSION_MINOR(version));
 
 	if (btree_err_on(version < c->sb.version_min,
-			 -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable, c, NULL, b, i,
+			 -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable,
+			 c, NULL, b, i,
+			 btree_node_bset_older_than_sb_min,
 			 "bset version %u older than superblock version_min %u",
 			 version, c->sb.version_min)) {
 		mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
@@ -683,7 +696,9 @@ static int validate_bset(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 
 	if (btree_err_on(BCH_VERSION_MAJOR(version) >
 			 BCH_VERSION_MAJOR(c->sb.version),
-			 -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable, c, NULL, b, i,
+			 -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable,
+			 c, NULL, b, i,
+			 btree_node_bset_newer_than_sb,
 			 "bset version %u newer than superblock version %u",
 			 version, c->sb.version)) {
 		mutex_lock(&c->sb_lock);
@@ -693,11 +708,15 @@ static int validate_bset(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 	}
 
 	btree_err_on(BSET_SEPARATE_WHITEOUTS(i),
-		     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_incompatible, c, ca, b, i,
+		     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_incompatible,
+		     c, ca, b, i,
+		     btree_node_unsupported_version,
 		     "BSET_SEPARATE_WHITEOUTS no longer supported");
 
 	if (btree_err_on(offset + sectors > btree_sectors(c),
-			 -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable, c, ca, b, i,
+			 -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable,
+			 c, ca, b, i,
+			 bset_past_end_of_btree_node,
 			 "bset past end of btree node")) {
 		i->u64s = 0;
 		ret = 0;
@@ -705,12 +724,15 @@ static int validate_bset(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 	}
 
 	btree_err_on(offset && !i->u64s,
-		     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable, c, ca, b, i,
+		     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable,
+		     c, ca, b, i,
+		     bset_empty,
 		     "empty bset");
 
-	btree_err_on(BSET_OFFSET(i) &&
-		     BSET_OFFSET(i) != offset,
-		     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_want_retry, c, ca, b, i,
+	btree_err_on(BSET_OFFSET(i) && BSET_OFFSET(i) != offset,
+		     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_want_retry,
+		     c, ca, b, i,
+		     bset_wrong_sector_offset,
 		     "bset at wrong sector offset");
 
 	if (!offset) {
@@ -724,16 +746,22 @@ static int validate_bset(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 
 			/* XXX endianness */
 			btree_err_on(bp->seq != bn->keys.seq,
-				     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_must_retry, c, ca, b, NULL,
+				     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_must_retry,
+				     c, ca, b, NULL,
+				     bset_bad_seq,
 				     "incorrect sequence number (wrong btree node)");
 		}
 
 		btree_err_on(BTREE_NODE_ID(bn) != b->c.btree_id,
-			     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_must_retry, c, ca, b, i,
+			     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_must_retry,
+			     c, ca, b, i,
+			     btree_node_bad_btree,
 			     "incorrect btree id");
 
 		btree_err_on(BTREE_NODE_LEVEL(bn) != b->c.level,
-			     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_must_retry, c, ca, b, i,
+			     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_must_retry,
+			     c, ca, b, i,
+			     btree_node_bad_level,
 			     "incorrect level");
 
 		if (!write)
@@ -750,7 +778,9 @@ static int validate_bset(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 			}
 
 			btree_err_on(!bpos_eq(b->data->min_key, bp->min_key),
-				     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_must_retry, c, ca, b, NULL,
+				     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_must_retry,
+				     c, ca, b, NULL,
+				     btree_node_bad_min_key,
 				     "incorrect min_key: got %s should be %s",
 				     (printbuf_reset(&buf1),
 				      bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf1, bn->min_key), buf1.buf),
@@ -759,7 +789,9 @@ static int validate_bset(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 		}
 
 		btree_err_on(!bpos_eq(bn->max_key, b->key.k.p),
-			     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_must_retry, c, ca, b, i,
+			     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_must_retry,
+			     c, ca, b, i,
+			     btree_node_bad_max_key,
 			     "incorrect max key %s",
 			     (printbuf_reset(&buf1),
 			      bch2_bpos_to_text(&buf1, bn->max_key), buf1.buf));
@@ -769,7 +801,9 @@ static int validate_bset(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 					  BSET_BIG_ENDIAN(i), write, bn);
 
 		btree_err_on(bch2_bkey_format_invalid(c, &bn->format, write, &buf1),
-			     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_bad_node, c, ca, b, i,
+			     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_bad_node,
+			     c, ca, b, i,
+			     btree_node_bad_format,
 			     "invalid bkey format: %s\n  %s", buf1.buf,
 			     (printbuf_reset(&buf2),
 			      bch2_bkey_format_to_text(&buf2, &bn->format), buf2.buf));
@@ -792,7 +826,7 @@ static int bset_key_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 			    struct printbuf *err)
 {
 	return __bch2_bkey_invalid(c, k, btree_node_type(b), READ, err) ?:
-		(!updated_range ? bch2_bkey_in_btree_node(b, k, err) : 0) ?:
+		(!updated_range ? bch2_bkey_in_btree_node(c, b, k, err) : 0) ?:
 		(rw == WRITE ? bch2_bkey_val_invalid(c, k, READ, err) : 0);
 }
 
@@ -813,14 +847,18 @@ static int validate_bset_keys(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 		struct bkey tmp;
 
 		if (btree_err_on(bkey_p_next(k) > vstruct_last(i),
-				 -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable, c, NULL, b, i,
+				 -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable,
+				 c, NULL, b, i,
+				 btree_node_bkey_past_bset_end,
 				 "key extends past end of bset")) {
 			i->u64s = cpu_to_le16((u64 *) k - i->_data);
 			break;
 		}
 
 		if (btree_err_on(k->format > KEY_FORMAT_CURRENT,
-				 -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable, c, NULL, b, i,
+				 -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable,
+				 c, NULL, b, i,
+				 btree_node_bkey_bad_format,
 				 "invalid bkey format %u", k->format)) {
 			i->u64s = cpu_to_le16(le16_to_cpu(i->u64s) - k->u64s);
 			memmove_u64s_down(k, bkey_p_next(k),
@@ -839,12 +877,14 @@ static int validate_bset_keys(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 		printbuf_reset(&buf);
 		if (bset_key_invalid(c, b, u.s_c, updated_range, write, &buf)) {
 			printbuf_reset(&buf);
-			prt_printf(&buf, "invalid bkey:  ");
 			bset_key_invalid(c, b, u.s_c, updated_range, write, &buf);
 			prt_printf(&buf, "\n  ");
 			bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, u.s_c);
 
-			btree_err(-BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable, c, NULL, b, i, "%s", buf.buf);
+			btree_err(-BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable,
+				  c, NULL, b, i,
+				  btree_node_bad_bkey,
+				  "invalid bkey: %s", buf.buf);
 
 			i->u64s = cpu_to_le16(le16_to_cpu(i->u64s) - k->u64s);
 			memmove_u64s_down(k, bkey_p_next(k),
@@ -868,7 +908,10 @@ static int validate_bset_keys(struct bch_fs *c, struct btree *b,
 
 			bch2_dump_bset(c, b, i, 0);
 
-			if (btree_err(-BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable, c, NULL, b, i, "%s", buf.buf)) {
+			if (btree_err(-BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable,
+				      c, NULL, b, i,
+				      btree_node_bkey_out_of_order,
+				      "%s", buf.buf)) {
 				i->u64s = cpu_to_le16(le16_to_cpu(i->u64s) - k->u64s);
 				memmove_u64s_down(k, bkey_p_next(k),
 						  (u64 *) vstruct_end(i) - (u64 *) k);
@@ -909,26 +952,34 @@ int bch2_btree_node_read_done(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 	sort_iter_init(iter, b, (btree_blocks(c) + 1) * 2);
 
 	if (bch2_meta_read_fault("btree"))
-		btree_err(-BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_must_retry, c, ca, b, NULL,
+		btree_err(-BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_must_retry,
+			  c, ca, b, NULL,
+			  btree_node_fault_injected,
 			  "dynamic fault");
 
 	btree_err_on(le64_to_cpu(b->data->magic) != bset_magic(c),
-		     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_must_retry, c, ca, b, NULL,
+		     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_must_retry,
+		     c, ca, b, NULL,
+		     btree_node_bad_magic,
 		     "bad magic: want %llx, got %llx",
 		     bset_magic(c), le64_to_cpu(b->data->magic));
 
-	btree_err_on(!b->data->keys.seq,
-		     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_must_retry, c, ca, b, NULL,
-		     "bad btree header: seq 0");
-
 	if (b->key.k.type == KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr_v2) {
 		struct bch_btree_ptr_v2 *bp =
 			&bkey_i_to_btree_ptr_v2(&b->key)->v;
 
 		btree_err_on(b->data->keys.seq != bp->seq,
-			     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_must_retry, c, ca, b, NULL,
+			     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_must_retry,
+			     c, ca, b, NULL,
+			     btree_node_bad_seq,
 			     "got wrong btree node (seq %llx want %llx)",
 			     b->data->keys.seq, bp->seq);
+	} else {
+		btree_err_on(!b->data->keys.seq,
+			     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_must_retry,
+			     c, ca, b, NULL,
+			     btree_node_bad_seq,
+			     "bad btree header: seq 0");
 	}
 
 	while (b->written < (ptr_written ?: btree_sectors(c))) {
@@ -941,9 +992,10 @@ int bch2_btree_node_read_done(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 			i = &b->data->keys;
 
 			btree_err_on(!bch2_checksum_type_valid(c, BSET_CSUM_TYPE(i)),
-				     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_want_retry, c, ca, b, i,
-				     "unknown checksum type %llu",
-				     BSET_CSUM_TYPE(i));
+				     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_want_retry,
+				     c, ca, b, i,
+				     bset_unknown_csum,
+				     "unknown checksum type %llu", BSET_CSUM_TYPE(i));
 
 			nonce = btree_nonce(i, b->written << 9);
 
@@ -953,7 +1005,9 @@ int bch2_btree_node_read_done(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 				bch2_io_error(ca, BCH_MEMBER_ERROR_checksum);
 
 			btree_err_on(csum_bad,
-				     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_want_retry, c, ca, b, i,
+				     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_want_retry,
+				     c, ca, b, i,
+				     bset_bad_csum,
 				     "invalid checksum");
 
 			ret = bset_encrypt(c, i, b->written << 9);
@@ -963,7 +1017,9 @@ int bch2_btree_node_read_done(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 
 			btree_err_on(btree_node_type_is_extents(btree_node_type(b)) &&
 				     !BTREE_NODE_NEW_EXTENT_OVERWRITE(b->data),
-				     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_incompatible, c, NULL, b, NULL,
+				     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_incompatible,
+				     c, NULL, b, NULL,
+				     btree_node_unsupported_version,
 				     "btree node does not have NEW_EXTENT_OVERWRITE set");
 
 			sectors = vstruct_sectors(b->data, c->block_bits);
@@ -975,9 +1031,10 @@ int bch2_btree_node_read_done(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 				break;
 
 			btree_err_on(!bch2_checksum_type_valid(c, BSET_CSUM_TYPE(i)),
-				     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_want_retry, c, ca, b, i,
-				     "unknown checksum type %llu",
-				     BSET_CSUM_TYPE(i));
+				     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_want_retry,
+				     c, ca, b, i,
+				     bset_unknown_csum,
+				     "unknown checksum type %llu", BSET_CSUM_TYPE(i));
 
 			nonce = btree_nonce(i, b->written << 9);
 			csum_bad = bch2_crc_cmp(bne->csum,
@@ -986,7 +1043,9 @@ int bch2_btree_node_read_done(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 				bch2_io_error(ca, BCH_MEMBER_ERROR_checksum);
 
 			btree_err_on(csum_bad,
-				     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_want_retry, c, ca, b, i,
+				     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_want_retry,
+				     c, ca, b, i,
+				     bset_bad_csum,
 				     "invalid checksum");
 
 			ret = bset_encrypt(c, i, b->written << 9);
@@ -1019,12 +1078,16 @@ int bch2_btree_node_read_done(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 					true);
 
 		btree_err_on(blacklisted && first,
-			     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable, c, ca, b, i,
+			     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable,
+			     c, ca, b, i,
+			     bset_blacklisted_journal_seq,
 			     "first btree node bset has blacklisted journal seq (%llu)",
 			     le64_to_cpu(i->journal_seq));
 
 		btree_err_on(blacklisted && ptr_written,
-			     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable, c, ca, b, i,
+			     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable,
+			     c, ca, b, i,
+			     first_bset_blacklisted_journal_seq,
 			     "found blacklisted bset (journal seq %llu) in btree node at offset %u-%u/%u",
 			     le64_to_cpu(i->journal_seq),
 			     b->written, b->written + sectors, ptr_written);
@@ -1041,7 +1104,9 @@ int bch2_btree_node_read_done(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 
 	if (ptr_written) {
 		btree_err_on(b->written < ptr_written,
-			     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_want_retry, c, ca, b, NULL,
+			     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_want_retry,
+			     c, ca, b, NULL,
+			     btree_node_data_missing,
 			     "btree node data missing: expected %u sectors, found %u",
 			     ptr_written, b->written);
 	} else {
@@ -1052,7 +1117,9 @@ int bch2_btree_node_read_done(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 				     !bch2_journal_seq_is_blacklisted(c,
 								      le64_to_cpu(bne->keys.journal_seq),
 								      true),
-				     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_want_retry, c, ca, b, NULL,
+				     -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_want_retry,
+				     c, ca, b, NULL,
+				     btree_node_bset_after_end,
 				     "found bset signature after last bset");
 	}
 
@@ -1094,7 +1161,10 @@ int bch2_btree_node_read_done(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 			prt_printf(&buf, "\n  ");
 			bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, u.s_c);
 
-			btree_err(-BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable, c, NULL, b, i, "%s", buf.buf);
+			btree_err(-BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable,
+				  c, NULL, b, i,
+				  btree_node_bad_bkey,
+				  "%s", buf.buf);
 
 			btree_keys_account_key_drop(&b->nr, 0, k);
 
@@ -1320,14 +1390,20 @@ static void btree_node_read_all_replicas_done(struct closure *cl)
 		}
 
 		written2 = btree_node_sectors_written(c, ra->buf[i]);
-		if (btree_err_on(written2 != written, -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable, c, NULL, b, NULL,
+		if (btree_err_on(written2 != written, -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable,
+				 c, NULL, b, NULL,
+				 btree_node_replicas_sectors_written_mismatch,
 				 "btree node sectors written mismatch: %u != %u",
 				 written, written2) ||
 		    btree_err_on(btree_node_has_extra_bsets(c, written2, ra->buf[i]),
-				 -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable, c, NULL, b, NULL,
+				 -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable,
+				 c, NULL, b, NULL,
+				 btree_node_bset_after_end,
 				 "found bset signature after last bset") ||
 		    btree_err_on(memcmp(ra->buf[best], ra->buf[i], written << 9),
-				 -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable, c, NULL, b, NULL,
+				 -BCH_ERR_btree_node_read_err_fixable,
+				 c, NULL, b, NULL,
+				 btree_node_replicas_data_mismatch,
 				 "btree node replicas content mismatch"))
 			dump_bset_maps = true;
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_interior.c b/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_interior.c
index 7dbf6b6c7f34..818a83f35d27 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_interior.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/btree_update_interior.c
@@ -1274,14 +1274,14 @@ static void bch2_insert_fixup_btree_ptr(struct btree_update *as,
 
 	if (bch2_bkey_invalid(c, bkey_i_to_s_c(insert),
 			      btree_node_type(b), WRITE, &buf) ?:
-	    bch2_bkey_in_btree_node(b, bkey_i_to_s_c(insert), &buf)) {
+	    bch2_bkey_in_btree_node(c, b, bkey_i_to_s_c(insert), &buf)) {
 		printbuf_reset(&buf);
 		prt_printf(&buf, "inserting invalid bkey\n  ");
 		bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, bkey_i_to_s_c(insert));
 		prt_printf(&buf, "\n  ");
 		bch2_bkey_invalid(c, bkey_i_to_s_c(insert),
 				  btree_node_type(b), WRITE, &buf);
-		bch2_bkey_in_btree_node(b, bkey_i_to_s_c(insert), &buf);
+		bch2_bkey_in_btree_node(c, b, bkey_i_to_s_c(insert), &buf);
 
 		bch2_fs_inconsistent(c, "%s", buf.buf);
 		dump_stack();
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/buckets.c b/fs/bcachefs/buckets.c
index a8af803e7289..2acd727d3f9b 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/buckets.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/buckets.c
@@ -370,8 +370,8 @@ static inline int update_replicas(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 
 	idx = bch2_replicas_entry_idx(c, r);
 	if (idx < 0 &&
-	    fsck_err(c, "no replicas entry\n"
-		     "  while marking %s",
+	    fsck_err(c, ptr_to_missing_replicas_entry,
+		     "no replicas entry\n  while marking %s",
 		     (bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf))) {
 		percpu_up_read(&c->mark_lock);
 		ret = bch2_mark_replicas(c, r);
@@ -695,6 +695,7 @@ static int check_bucket_ref(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 	if (gen_after(ptr->gen, b_gen)) {
 		bch2_fsck_err(c, FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|FSCK_NEED_FSCK,
+			      BCH_FSCK_ERR_ptr_gen_newer_than_bucket_gen,
 			"bucket %u:%zu gen %u data type %s: ptr gen %u newer than bucket gen\n"
 			"while marking %s",
 			ptr->dev, bucket_nr, b_gen,
@@ -707,6 +708,7 @@ static int check_bucket_ref(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 	if (gen_cmp(b_gen, ptr->gen) > BUCKET_GC_GEN_MAX) {
 		bch2_fsck_err(c, FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|FSCK_NEED_FSCK,
+			      BCH_FSCK_ERR_ptr_too_stale,
 			"bucket %u:%zu gen %u data type %s: ptr gen %u too stale\n"
 			"while marking %s",
 			ptr->dev, bucket_nr, b_gen,
@@ -720,6 +722,7 @@ static int check_bucket_ref(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 	if (b_gen != ptr->gen && !ptr->cached) {
 		bch2_fsck_err(c, FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|FSCK_NEED_FSCK,
+			      BCH_FSCK_ERR_stale_dirty_ptr,
 			"bucket %u:%zu gen %u (mem gen %u) data type %s: stale dirty ptr (gen %u)\n"
 			"while marking %s",
 			ptr->dev, bucket_nr, b_gen,
@@ -741,6 +744,7 @@ static int check_bucket_ref(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	    ptr_data_type &&
 	    bucket_data_type != ptr_data_type) {
 		bch2_fsck_err(c, FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|FSCK_NEED_FSCK,
+			      BCH_FSCK_ERR_ptr_bucket_data_type_mismatch,
 			"bucket %u:%zu gen %u different types of data in same bucket: %s, %s\n"
 			"while marking %s",
 			ptr->dev, bucket_nr, b_gen,
@@ -754,6 +758,7 @@ static int check_bucket_ref(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 	if ((u64) bucket_sectors + sectors > U32_MAX) {
 		bch2_fsck_err(c, FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|FSCK_NEED_FSCK,
+			      BCH_FSCK_ERR_bucket_sector_count_overflow,
 			"bucket %u:%zu gen %u data type %s sector count overflow: %u + %lli > U32_MAX\n"
 			"while marking %s",
 			ptr->dev, bucket_nr, b_gen,
@@ -1195,7 +1200,8 @@ static s64 __bch2_mark_reflink_p(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	*idx = r->offset;
 	return 0;
 not_found:
-	if (fsck_err(c, "pointer to missing indirect extent\n"
+	if (fsck_err(c, reflink_p_to_missing_reflink_v,
+		     "pointer to missing indirect extent\n"
 		     "  %s\n"
 		     "  missing range %llu-%llu",
 		     (bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, p.s_c), buf.buf),
@@ -1857,6 +1863,7 @@ static int __bch2_trans_mark_metadata_bucket(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 	if (a->v.data_type && type && a->v.data_type != type) {
 		bch2_fsck_err(c, FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|FSCK_NEED_FSCK,
+			      BCH_FSCK_ERR_bucket_metadata_type_mismatch,
 			"bucket %llu:%llu gen %u different types of data in same bucket: %s, %s\n"
 			"while marking %s",
 			iter.pos.inode, iter.pos.offset, a->v.gen,
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/dirent.c b/fs/bcachefs/dirent.c
index 6c6c8d57d72b..1a0f2d571569 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/dirent.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/dirent.c
@@ -97,61 +97,51 @@ const struct bch_hash_desc bch2_dirent_hash_desc = {
 	.is_visible	= dirent_is_visible,
 };
 
-int bch2_dirent_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_dirent_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 			struct printbuf *err)
 {
 	struct bkey_s_c_dirent d = bkey_s_c_to_dirent(k);
 	struct qstr d_name = bch2_dirent_get_name(d);
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	if (!d_name.len) {
-		prt_printf(err, "empty name");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(!d_name.len, c, err,
+			 dirent_empty_name,
+			 "empty name");
 
-	if (bkey_val_u64s(k.k) > dirent_val_u64s(d_name.len)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "value too big (%zu > %u)",
-		       bkey_val_u64s(k.k), dirent_val_u64s(d_name.len));
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(bkey_val_u64s(k.k) > dirent_val_u64s(d_name.len), c, err,
+			 dirent_val_too_big,
+			 "value too big (%zu > %u)",
+			 bkey_val_u64s(k.k), dirent_val_u64s(d_name.len));
 
 	/*
 	 * Check new keys don't exceed the max length
 	 * (older keys may be larger.)
 	 */
-	if ((flags & BKEY_INVALID_COMMIT) && d_name.len > BCH_NAME_MAX) {
-		prt_printf(err, "dirent name too big (%u > %u)",
-		       d_name.len, BCH_NAME_MAX);
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	if (d_name.len != strnlen(d_name.name, d_name.len)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "dirent has stray data after name's NUL");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	if (d_name.len == 1 && !memcmp(d_name.name, ".", 1)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "invalid name");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	if (d_name.len == 2 && !memcmp(d_name.name, "..", 2)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "invalid name");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	if (memchr(d_name.name, '/', d_name.len)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "invalid name");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	if (d.v->d_type != DT_SUBVOL &&
-	    le64_to_cpu(d.v->d_inum) == d.k->p.inode) {
-		prt_printf(err, "dirent points to own directory");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
+	bkey_fsck_err_on((flags & BKEY_INVALID_COMMIT) && d_name.len > BCH_NAME_MAX, c, err,
+			 dirent_name_too_long,
+			 "dirent name too big (%u > %u)",
+			 d_name.len, BCH_NAME_MAX);
+
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(d_name.len != strnlen(d_name.name, d_name.len), c, err,
+			 dirent_name_embedded_nul,
+			 "dirent has stray data after name's NUL");
+
+	bkey_fsck_err_on((d_name.len == 1 && !memcmp(d_name.name, ".", 1)) ||
+			 (d_name.len == 2 && !memcmp(d_name.name, "..", 2)), c, err,
+			 dirent_name_dot_or_dotdot,
+			 "invalid name");
+
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(memchr(d_name.name, '/', d_name.len), c, err,
+			 dirent_name_has_slash,
+			 "name with /");
+
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(d.v->d_type != DT_SUBVOL &&
+			 le64_to_cpu(d.v->d_inum) == d.k->p.inode, c, err,
+			 dirent_to_itself,
+			 "dirent points to own directory");
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
 void bch2_dirent_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c,
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/dirent.h b/fs/bcachefs/dirent.h
index e9fa1df38232..cd262bf4d9c5 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/dirent.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/dirent.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 enum bkey_invalid_flags;
 extern const struct bch_hash_desc bch2_dirent_hash_desc;
 
-int bch2_dirent_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_dirent_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 			enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
 void bch2_dirent_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c);
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/ec.c b/fs/bcachefs/ec.c
index c9795cd98192..5da0e7a69323 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/ec.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/ec.c
@@ -105,29 +105,26 @@ struct ec_bio {
 
 /* Stripes btree keys: */
 
-int bch2_stripe_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_stripe_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 			struct printbuf *err)
 {
 	const struct bch_stripe *s = bkey_s_c_to_stripe(k).v;
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	if (bkey_eq(k.k->p, POS_MIN)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "stripe at POS_MIN");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	if (k.k->p.inode) {
-		prt_printf(err, "nonzero inode field");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(bkey_eq(k.k->p, POS_MIN) ||
+			 bpos_gt(k.k->p, POS(0, U32_MAX)), c, err,
+			 stripe_pos_bad,
+			 "stripe at bad pos");
 
-	if (bkey_val_u64s(k.k) < stripe_val_u64s(s)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "incorrect value size (%zu < %u)",
-		       bkey_val_u64s(k.k), stripe_val_u64s(s));
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(bkey_val_u64s(k.k) < stripe_val_u64s(s), c, err,
+			 stripe_val_size_bad,
+			 "incorrect value size (%zu < %u)",
+			 bkey_val_u64s(k.k), stripe_val_u64s(s));
 
-	return bch2_bkey_ptrs_invalid(c, k, flags, err);
+	ret = bch2_bkey_ptrs_invalid(c, k, flags, err);
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
 void bch2_stripe_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c,
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/ec.h b/fs/bcachefs/ec.h
index 966d165a3b66..61c67aa0aa49 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/ec.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/ec.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 enum bkey_invalid_flags;
 
-int bch2_stripe_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_stripe_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 			enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
 void bch2_stripe_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct bch_fs *,
 			 struct bkey_s_c);
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/error.c b/fs/bcachefs/error.c
index d759afc910fc..7b28d37922fd 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/error.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/error.c
@@ -141,7 +141,10 @@ static struct fsck_err_state *fsck_err_get(struct bch_fs *c, const char *fmt)
 	return s;
 }
 
-int bch2_fsck_err(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned flags, const char *fmt, ...)
+int bch2_fsck_err(struct bch_fs *c,
+		  enum bch_fsck_flags flags,
+		  enum bch_sb_error_id err,
+		  const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	struct fsck_err_state *s = NULL;
 	va_list args;
@@ -149,6 +152,8 @@ int bch2_fsck_err(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned flags, const char *fmt, ...)
 	struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF, *out = &buf;
 	int ret = -BCH_ERR_fsck_ignore;
 
+	bch2_sb_error_count(c, err);
+
 	va_start(args, fmt);
 	prt_vprintf(out, fmt, args);
 	va_end(args);
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/error.h b/fs/bcachefs/error.h
index 958b2bed4f39..d167d65986e0 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/error.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/error.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 #include <linux/list.h>
 #include <linux/printk.h>
+#include "sb-errors.h"
 
 struct bch_dev;
 struct bch_fs;
@@ -101,18 +102,26 @@ struct fsck_err_state {
 	char			*last_msg;
 };
 
-#define FSCK_CAN_FIX		(1 << 0)
-#define FSCK_CAN_IGNORE		(1 << 1)
-#define FSCK_NEED_FSCK		(1 << 2)
-#define FSCK_NO_RATELIMIT	(1 << 3)
+enum bch_fsck_flags {
+	FSCK_CAN_FIX		= 1 << 0,
+	FSCK_CAN_IGNORE		= 1 << 1,
+	FSCK_NEED_FSCK		= 1 << 2,
+	FSCK_NO_RATELIMIT	= 1 << 3,
+};
+
+#define fsck_err_count(_c, _err)	bch2_sb_err_count(_c, BCH_FSCK_ERR_##_err)
 
-__printf(3, 4) __cold
-int bch2_fsck_err(struct bch_fs *, unsigned, const char *, ...);
+__printf(4, 5) __cold
+int bch2_fsck_err(struct bch_fs *,
+		  enum bch_fsck_flags,
+		  enum bch_sb_error_id,
+		  const char *, ...);
 void bch2_flush_fsck_errs(struct bch_fs *);
 
-#define __fsck_err(c, _flags, msg, ...)					\
+#define __fsck_err(c, _flags, _err_type, ...)				\
 ({									\
-	int _ret = bch2_fsck_err(c, _flags, msg, ##__VA_ARGS__);	\
+	int _ret = bch2_fsck_err(c, _flags, BCH_FSCK_ERR_##_err_type,	\
+				 __VA_ARGS__);				\
 									\
 	if (_ret != -BCH_ERR_fsck_fix &&				\
 	    _ret != -BCH_ERR_fsck_ignore) {				\
@@ -127,26 +136,53 @@ void bch2_flush_fsck_errs(struct bch_fs *);
 
 /* XXX: mark in superblock that filesystem contains errors, if we ignore: */
 
-#define __fsck_err_on(cond, c, _flags, ...)				\
-	(unlikely(cond) ? __fsck_err(c, _flags,	##__VA_ARGS__) : false)
+#define __fsck_err_on(cond, c, _flags, _err_type, ...)			\
+	(unlikely(cond) ? __fsck_err(c, _flags, _err_type, __VA_ARGS__) : false)
+
+#define need_fsck_err_on(cond, c, _err_type, ...)				\
+	__fsck_err_on(cond, c, FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|FSCK_NEED_FSCK, _err_type, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define need_fsck_err(c, _err_type, ...)				\
+	__fsck_err(c, FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|FSCK_NEED_FSCK, _err_type, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define mustfix_fsck_err(c, _err_type, ...)				\
+	__fsck_err(c, FSCK_CAN_FIX, _err_type, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define mustfix_fsck_err_on(cond, c, _err_type, ...)			\
+	__fsck_err_on(cond, c, FSCK_CAN_FIX, _err_type, __VA_ARGS__)
 
-#define need_fsck_err_on(cond, c, ...)					\
-	__fsck_err_on(cond, c, FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|FSCK_NEED_FSCK, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define fsck_err(c, _err_type, ...)					\
+	__fsck_err(c, FSCK_CAN_FIX|FSCK_CAN_IGNORE, _err_type, __VA_ARGS__)
 
-#define need_fsck_err(c, ...)						\
-	__fsck_err(c, FSCK_CAN_IGNORE|FSCK_NEED_FSCK, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define fsck_err_on(cond, c, _err_type, ...)				\
+	__fsck_err_on(cond, c, FSCK_CAN_FIX|FSCK_CAN_IGNORE, _err_type, __VA_ARGS__)
 
-#define mustfix_fsck_err(c, ...)					\
-	__fsck_err(c, FSCK_CAN_FIX, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+static inline void bch2_bkey_fsck_err(struct bch_fs *c,
+				     struct printbuf *err_msg,
+				     enum bch_sb_error_id err_type,
+				     const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
 
-#define mustfix_fsck_err_on(cond, c, ...)				\
-	__fsck_err_on(cond, c, FSCK_CAN_FIX, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	prt_vprintf(err_msg, fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
 
-#define fsck_err(c, ...)						\
-	__fsck_err(c, FSCK_CAN_FIX|FSCK_CAN_IGNORE, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+}
 
-#define fsck_err_on(cond, c, ...)					\
-	__fsck_err_on(cond, c, FSCK_CAN_FIX|FSCK_CAN_IGNORE, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define bkey_fsck_err(c, _err_msg, _err_type, ...)			\
+do {									\
+	prt_printf(_err_msg, __VA_ARGS__);				\
+	bch2_sb_error_count(c, BCH_FSCK_ERR_##_err_type);		\
+	ret = -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;					\
+	goto fsck_err;							\
+} while (0)
+
+#define bkey_fsck_err_on(cond, ...)					\
+do {									\
+	if (unlikely(cond))						\
+		bkey_fsck_err(__VA_ARGS__);				\
+} while (0)
 
 /*
  * Fatal errors: these don't indicate a bug, but we can't continue running in RW
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/extents.c b/fs/bcachefs/extents.c
index 0c60d49c3599..a864de231b69 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/extents.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/extents.c
@@ -163,17 +163,19 @@ int bch2_bkey_pick_read_device(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 
 /* KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr: */
 
-int bch2_btree_ptr_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_btree_ptr_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			   enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 			   struct printbuf *err)
 {
-	if (bkey_val_u64s(k.k) > BCH_REPLICAS_MAX) {
-		prt_printf(err, "value too big (%zu > %u)",
-		       bkey_val_u64s(k.k), BCH_REPLICAS_MAX);
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	return bch2_bkey_ptrs_invalid(c, k, flags, err);
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(bkey_val_u64s(k.k) > BCH_REPLICAS_MAX, c, err,
+			 btree_ptr_val_too_big,
+			 "value too big (%zu > %u)", bkey_val_u64s(k.k), BCH_REPLICAS_MAX);
+
+	ret = bch2_bkey_ptrs_invalid(c, k, flags, err);
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
 void bch2_btree_ptr_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c,
@@ -182,17 +184,20 @@ void bch2_btree_ptr_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c,
 	bch2_bkey_ptrs_to_text(out, c, k);
 }
 
-int bch2_btree_ptr_v2_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_btree_ptr_v2_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			      enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 			      struct printbuf *err)
 {
-	if (bkey_val_u64s(k.k) > BKEY_BTREE_PTR_VAL_U64s_MAX) {
-		prt_printf(err, "value too big (%zu > %zu)",
-		       bkey_val_u64s(k.k), BKEY_BTREE_PTR_VAL_U64s_MAX);
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	return bch2_bkey_ptrs_invalid(c, k, flags, err);
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(bkey_val_u64s(k.k) > BKEY_BTREE_PTR_VAL_U64s_MAX, c, err,
+			 btree_ptr_v2_val_too_big,
+			 "value too big (%zu > %zu)",
+			 bkey_val_u64s(k.k), BKEY_BTREE_PTR_VAL_U64s_MAX);
+
+	ret = bch2_bkey_ptrs_invalid(c, k, flags, err);
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
 void bch2_btree_ptr_v2_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c,
@@ -373,19 +378,18 @@ bool bch2_extent_merge(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s l, struct bkey_s_c r)
 
 /* KEY_TYPE_reservation: */
 
-int bch2_reservation_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_reservation_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			     enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 			     struct printbuf *err)
 {
 	struct bkey_s_c_reservation r = bkey_s_c_to_reservation(k);
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	if (!r.v->nr_replicas || r.v->nr_replicas > BCH_REPLICAS_MAX) {
-		prt_printf(err, "invalid nr_replicas (%u)",
-		       r.v->nr_replicas);
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(!r.v->nr_replicas || r.v->nr_replicas > BCH_REPLICAS_MAX, c, err,
+			 reservation_key_nr_replicas_invalid,
+			 "invalid nr_replicas (%u)", r.v->nr_replicas);
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
 void bch2_reservation_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c,
@@ -1058,7 +1062,7 @@ void bch2_bkey_ptrs_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c,
 	}
 }
 
-static int extent_ptr_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c,
+static int extent_ptr_invalid(struct bch_fs *c,
 			      struct bkey_s_c k,
 			      enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 			      const struct bch_extent_ptr *ptr,
@@ -1071,6 +1075,7 @@ static int extent_ptr_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c,
 	u64 bucket;
 	u32 bucket_offset;
 	struct bch_dev *ca;
+	int ret = 0;
 
 	if (!bch2_dev_exists2(c, ptr->dev)) {
 		/*
@@ -1081,41 +1086,33 @@ static int extent_ptr_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c,
 		if (flags & BKEY_INVALID_WRITE)
 			return 0;
 
-		prt_printf(err, "pointer to invalid device (%u)", ptr->dev);
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
+		bkey_fsck_err(c, err, ptr_to_invalid_device,
+			   "pointer to invalid device (%u)", ptr->dev);
 	}
 
 	ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, ptr->dev);
 	bkey_for_each_ptr(ptrs, ptr2)
-		if (ptr != ptr2 && ptr->dev == ptr2->dev) {
-			prt_printf(err, "multiple pointers to same device (%u)", ptr->dev);
-			return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-		}
+		bkey_fsck_err_on(ptr != ptr2 && ptr->dev == ptr2->dev, c, err,
+				 ptr_to_duplicate_device,
+				 "multiple pointers to same device (%u)", ptr->dev);
 
 	bucket = sector_to_bucket_and_offset(ca, ptr->offset, &bucket_offset);
 
-	if (bucket >= ca->mi.nbuckets) {
-		prt_printf(err, "pointer past last bucket (%llu > %llu)",
-		       bucket, ca->mi.nbuckets);
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	if (ptr->offset < bucket_to_sector(ca, ca->mi.first_bucket)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "pointer before first bucket (%llu < %u)",
-		       bucket, ca->mi.first_bucket);
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	if (bucket_offset + size_ondisk > ca->mi.bucket_size) {
-		prt_printf(err, "pointer spans multiple buckets (%u + %u > %u)",
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(bucket >= ca->mi.nbuckets, c, err,
+			 ptr_after_last_bucket,
+			 "pointer past last bucket (%llu > %llu)", bucket, ca->mi.nbuckets);
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(ptr->offset < bucket_to_sector(ca, ca->mi.first_bucket), c, err,
+			 ptr_before_first_bucket,
+			 "pointer before first bucket (%llu < %u)", bucket, ca->mi.first_bucket);
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(bucket_offset + size_ondisk > ca->mi.bucket_size, c, err,
+			 ptr_spans_multiple_buckets,
+			 "pointer spans multiple buckets (%u + %u > %u)",
 		       bucket_offset, size_ondisk, ca->mi.bucket_size);
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
-int bch2_bkey_ptrs_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_bkey_ptrs_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			   enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 			   struct printbuf *err)
 {
@@ -1125,24 +1122,22 @@ int bch2_bkey_ptrs_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 	unsigned size_ondisk = k.k->size;
 	unsigned nonce = UINT_MAX;
 	unsigned nr_ptrs = 0;
-	bool unwritten = false, have_ec = false, crc_since_last_ptr = false;
-	int ret;
+	bool have_written = false, have_unwritten = false, have_ec = false, crc_since_last_ptr = false;
+	int ret = 0;
 
 	if (bkey_is_btree_ptr(k.k))
 		size_ondisk = btree_sectors(c);
 
 	bkey_extent_entry_for_each(ptrs, entry) {
-		if (__extent_entry_type(entry) >= BCH_EXTENT_ENTRY_MAX) {
-			prt_printf(err, "invalid extent entry type (got %u, max %u)",
-			       __extent_entry_type(entry), BCH_EXTENT_ENTRY_MAX);
-			return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-		}
+		bkey_fsck_err_on(__extent_entry_type(entry) >= BCH_EXTENT_ENTRY_MAX, c, err,
+			extent_ptrs_invalid_entry,
+			"invalid extent entry type (got %u, max %u)",
+			__extent_entry_type(entry), BCH_EXTENT_ENTRY_MAX);
 
-		if (bkey_is_btree_ptr(k.k) &&
-		    !extent_entry_is_ptr(entry)) {
-			prt_printf(err, "has non ptr field");
-			return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-		}
+		bkey_fsck_err_on(bkey_is_btree_ptr(k.k) &&
+				 !extent_entry_is_ptr(entry), c, err,
+				 btree_ptr_has_non_ptr,
+				 "has non ptr field");
 
 		switch (extent_entry_type(entry)) {
 		case BCH_EXTENT_ENTRY_ptr:
@@ -1151,22 +1146,15 @@ int bch2_bkey_ptrs_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			if (ret)
 				return ret;
 
-			if (nr_ptrs && unwritten != entry->ptr.unwritten) {
-				prt_printf(err, "extent with unwritten and written ptrs");
-				return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-			}
-
-			if (k.k->type != KEY_TYPE_extent && entry->ptr.unwritten) {
-				prt_printf(err, "has unwritten ptrs");
-				return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-			}
+			bkey_fsck_err_on(entry->ptr.cached && have_ec, c, err,
+					 ptr_cached_and_erasure_coded,
+					 "cached, erasure coded ptr");
 
-			if (entry->ptr.cached && have_ec) {
-				prt_printf(err, "cached, erasure coded ptr");
-				return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-			}
+			if (!entry->ptr.unwritten)
+				have_written = true;
+			else
+				have_unwritten = true;
 
-			unwritten = entry->ptr.unwritten;
 			have_ec = false;
 			crc_since_last_ptr = false;
 			nr_ptrs++;
@@ -1176,52 +1164,41 @@ int bch2_bkey_ptrs_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 		case BCH_EXTENT_ENTRY_crc128:
 			crc = bch2_extent_crc_unpack(k.k, entry_to_crc(entry));
 
-			if (crc.offset + crc.live_size >
-			    crc.uncompressed_size) {
-				prt_printf(err, "checksum offset + key size > uncompressed size");
-				return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-			}
-
-			size_ondisk = crc.compressed_size;
-
-			if (!bch2_checksum_type_valid(c, crc.csum_type)) {
-				prt_printf(err, "invalid checksum type");
-				return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-			}
-
-			if (crc.compression_type >= BCH_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NR) {
-				prt_printf(err, "invalid compression type");
-				return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-			}
+			bkey_fsck_err_on(crc.offset + crc.live_size > crc.uncompressed_size, c, err,
+					 ptr_crc_uncompressed_size_too_small,
+					 "checksum offset + key size > uncompressed size");
+			bkey_fsck_err_on(!bch2_checksum_type_valid(c, crc.csum_type), c, err,
+					 ptr_crc_csum_type_unknown,
+					 "invalid checksum type");
+			bkey_fsck_err_on(crc.compression_type >= BCH_COMPRESSION_TYPE_NR, c, err,
+					 ptr_crc_compression_type_unknown,
+					 "invalid compression type");
 
 			if (bch2_csum_type_is_encryption(crc.csum_type)) {
 				if (nonce == UINT_MAX)
 					nonce = crc.offset + crc.nonce;
-				else if (nonce != crc.offset + crc.nonce) {
-					prt_printf(err, "incorrect nonce");
-					return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-				}
+				else if (nonce != crc.offset + crc.nonce)
+					bkey_fsck_err(c, err, ptr_crc_nonce_mismatch,
+						      "incorrect nonce");
 			}
 
-			if (crc_since_last_ptr) {
-				prt_printf(err, "redundant crc entry");
-				return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-			}
+			bkey_fsck_err_on(crc_since_last_ptr, c, err,
+					 ptr_crc_redundant,
+					 "redundant crc entry");
 			crc_since_last_ptr = true;
 
-			if (crc_is_encoded(crc) &&
-			    (crc.uncompressed_size > c->opts.encoded_extent_max >> 9) &&
-			    (flags & (BKEY_INVALID_WRITE|BKEY_INVALID_COMMIT))) {
-				prt_printf(err, "too large encoded extent");
-				return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-			}
+			bkey_fsck_err_on(crc_is_encoded(crc) &&
+					 (crc.uncompressed_size > c->opts.encoded_extent_max >> 9) &&
+					 (flags & (BKEY_INVALID_WRITE|BKEY_INVALID_COMMIT)), c, err,
+					 ptr_crc_uncompressed_size_too_big,
+					 "too large encoded extent");
 
+			size_ondisk = crc.compressed_size;
 			break;
 		case BCH_EXTENT_ENTRY_stripe_ptr:
-			if (have_ec) {
-				prt_printf(err, "redundant stripe entry");
-				return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-			}
+			bkey_fsck_err_on(have_ec, c, err,
+					 ptr_stripe_redundant,
+					 "redundant stripe entry");
 			have_ec = true;
 			break;
 		case BCH_EXTENT_ENTRY_rebalance: {
@@ -1238,27 +1215,26 @@ int bch2_bkey_ptrs_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (!nr_ptrs) {
-		prt_str(err, "no ptrs");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	if (nr_ptrs >= BCH_BKEY_PTRS_MAX) {
-		prt_str(err, "too many ptrs");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	if (crc_since_last_ptr) {
-		prt_printf(err, "redundant crc entry");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	if (have_ec) {
-		prt_printf(err, "redundant stripe entry");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(!nr_ptrs, c, err,
+			 extent_ptrs_no_ptrs,
+			 "no ptrs");
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(nr_ptrs > BCH_BKEY_PTRS_MAX, c, err,
+			 extent_ptrs_too_many_ptrs,
+			 "too many ptrs: %u > %u", nr_ptrs, BCH_BKEY_PTRS_MAX);
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(have_written && have_unwritten, c, err,
+			 extent_ptrs_written_and_unwritten,
+			 "extent with unwritten and written ptrs");
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(k.k->type != KEY_TYPE_extent && have_unwritten, c, err,
+			 extent_ptrs_unwritten,
+			 "has unwritten ptrs");
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(crc_since_last_ptr, c, err,
+			 extent_ptrs_redundant_crc,
+			 "redundant crc entry");
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(have_ec, c, err,
+			 extent_ptrs_redundant_stripe,
+			 "redundant stripe entry");
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
 void bch2_ptr_swab(struct bkey_s k)
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/extents.h b/fs/bcachefs/extents.h
index 9110acae7e3c..a2ce8a3be13c 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/extents.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/extents.h
@@ -400,12 +400,12 @@ int bch2_bkey_pick_read_device(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 
 /* KEY_TYPE_btree_ptr: */
 
-int bch2_btree_ptr_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_btree_ptr_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 			   enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
 void bch2_btree_ptr_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct bch_fs *,
 			    struct bkey_s_c);
 
-int bch2_btree_ptr_v2_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_btree_ptr_v2_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 			      enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
 void bch2_btree_ptr_v2_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c);
 void bch2_btree_ptr_v2_compat(enum btree_id, unsigned, unsigned,
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ bool bch2_extent_merge(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s, struct bkey_s_c);
 
 /* KEY_TYPE_reservation: */
 
-int bch2_reservation_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_reservation_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 			     enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
 void bch2_reservation_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c);
 bool bch2_reservation_merge(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s, struct bkey_s_c);
@@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ void bch2_extent_ptr_set_cached(struct bkey_s, struct bch_extent_ptr *);
 bool bch2_extent_normalize(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s);
 void bch2_bkey_ptrs_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct bch_fs *,
 			    struct bkey_s_c);
-int bch2_bkey_ptrs_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_bkey_ptrs_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 			   enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
 
 void bch2_ptr_swab(struct bkey_s);
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/fsck.c b/fs/bcachefs/fsck.c
index 328cb3b3e213..0e470ebd7f10 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/fsck.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/fsck.c
@@ -721,8 +721,9 @@ static int check_key_has_snapshot(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	int ret = 0;
 
 	if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(!bch2_snapshot_equiv(c, k.k->p.snapshot), c,
-			"key in missing snapshot: %s",
-			(bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf)))
+				bkey_in_missing_snapshot,
+				"key in missing snapshot: %s",
+				(bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf)))
 		ret = bch2_btree_delete_at(trans, iter,
 					    BTREE_UPDATE_INTERNAL_SNAPSHOT_NODE) ?: 1;
 fsck_err:
@@ -791,6 +792,7 @@ static int hash_check_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 		if (fsck_err_on(k.k->type == desc.key_type &&
 				!desc.cmp_bkey(k, hash_k), c,
+				hash_table_key_duplicate,
 				"duplicate hash table keys:\n%s",
 				(printbuf_reset(&buf),
 				 bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, hash_k),
@@ -809,7 +811,8 @@ out:
 	printbuf_exit(&buf);
 	return ret;
 bad_hash:
-	if (fsck_err(c, "hash table key at wrong offset: btree %s inode %llu offset %llu, hashed to %llu\n%s",
+	if (fsck_err(c, hash_table_key_wrong_offset,
+		     "hash table key at wrong offset: btree %s inode %llu offset %llu, hashed to %llu\n%s",
 		     bch2_btree_id_str(desc.btree_id), hash_k.k->p.inode, hash_k.k->p.offset, hash,
 		     (printbuf_reset(&buf),
 		      bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, hash_k), buf.buf))) {
@@ -860,7 +863,8 @@ static int check_inode(struct btree_trans *trans,
 		*prev = u;
 
 	if (fsck_err_on(prev->bi_hash_seed	!= u.bi_hash_seed ||
-			inode_d_type(prev)	!= inode_d_type(&u), c,
+			inode_d_type(prev)	!= inode_d_type(&u),
+			c, inode_snapshot_mismatch,
 			"inodes in different snapshots don't match")) {
 		bch_err(c, "repair not implemented yet");
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -888,7 +892,8 @@ static int check_inode(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 	if (u.bi_flags & BCH_INODE_UNLINKED &&
 	    (!c->sb.clean ||
-	     fsck_err(c, "filesystem marked clean, but inode %llu unlinked",
+	     fsck_err(c, inode_unlinked_but_clean,
+		      "filesystem marked clean, but inode %llu unlinked",
 		      u.bi_inum))) {
 		bch2_trans_unlock(trans);
 		bch2_fs_lazy_rw(c);
@@ -900,7 +905,8 @@ static int check_inode(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 	if (u.bi_flags & BCH_INODE_I_SIZE_DIRTY &&
 	    (!c->sb.clean ||
-	     fsck_err(c, "filesystem marked clean, but inode %llu has i_size dirty",
+	     fsck_err(c, inode_i_size_dirty_but_clean,
+		      "filesystem marked clean, but inode %llu has i_size dirty",
 		      u.bi_inum))) {
 		bch_verbose(c, "truncating inode %llu", u.bi_inum);
 
@@ -932,7 +938,8 @@ static int check_inode(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 	if (u.bi_flags & BCH_INODE_I_SECTORS_DIRTY &&
 	    (!c->sb.clean ||
-	     fsck_err(c, "filesystem marked clean, but inode %llu has i_sectors dirty",
+	     fsck_err(c, inode_i_sectors_dirty_but_clean,
+		      "filesystem marked clean, but inode %llu has i_sectors dirty",
 		      u.bi_inum))) {
 		s64 sectors;
 
@@ -1058,10 +1065,11 @@ static int check_i_sectors(struct btree_trans *trans, struct inode_walker *w)
 			return -BCH_ERR_internal_fsck_err;
 		}
 
-		if (fsck_err_on(!(i->inode.bi_flags & BCH_INODE_I_SECTORS_DIRTY), c,
-			    "inode %llu:%u has incorrect i_sectors: got %llu, should be %llu",
-			    w->last_pos.inode, i->snapshot,
-			    i->inode.bi_sectors, i->count)) {
+		if (fsck_err_on(!(i->inode.bi_flags & BCH_INODE_I_SECTORS_DIRTY),
+				c, inode_i_sectors_wrong,
+				"inode %llu:%u has incorrect i_sectors: got %llu, should be %llu",
+				w->last_pos.inode, i->snapshot,
+				i->inode.bi_sectors, i->count)) {
 			i->inode.bi_sectors = i->count;
 			ret = fsck_write_inode(trans, &i->inode, i->snapshot);
 			if (ret)
@@ -1202,7 +1210,8 @@ static int overlapping_extents_found(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	prt_printf(&buf, "\n  overwriting %s extent",
 		   pos1.snapshot >= pos2.p.snapshot ? "first" : "second");
 
-	if (fsck_err(c, "overlapping extents%s", buf.buf)) {
+	if (fsck_err(c, extent_overlapping,
+		     "overlapping extents%s", buf.buf)) {
 		struct btree_iter *old_iter = &iter1;
 		struct disk_reservation res = { 0 };
 
@@ -1357,7 +1366,7 @@ static int check_extent(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_iter *iter,
 		goto err;
 
 	if (k.k->type != KEY_TYPE_whiteout) {
-		if (fsck_err_on(!i, c,
+		if (fsck_err_on(!i, c, extent_in_missing_inode,
 				"extent in missing inode:\n  %s",
 				(printbuf_reset(&buf),
 				 bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf)))
@@ -1365,7 +1374,8 @@ static int check_extent(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_iter *iter,
 
 		if (fsck_err_on(i &&
 				!S_ISREG(i->inode.bi_mode) &&
-				!S_ISLNK(i->inode.bi_mode), c,
+				!S_ISLNK(i->inode.bi_mode),
+				c, extent_in_non_reg_inode,
 				"extent in non regular inode mode %o:\n  %s",
 				i->inode.bi_mode,
 				(printbuf_reset(&buf),
@@ -1397,7 +1407,8 @@ static int check_extent(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_iter *iter,
 		if (k.k->type != KEY_TYPE_whiteout) {
 			if (fsck_err_on(!(i->inode.bi_flags & BCH_INODE_I_SIZE_DIRTY) &&
 					k.k->p.offset > round_up(i->inode.bi_size, block_bytes(c)) >> 9 &&
-					!bkey_extent_is_reservation(k), c,
+					!bkey_extent_is_reservation(k),
+					c, extent_past_end_of_inode,
 					"extent type past end of inode %llu:%u, i_size %llu\n  %s",
 					i->inode.bi_inum, i->snapshot, i->inode.bi_size,
 					(bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf))) {
@@ -1519,7 +1530,8 @@ static int check_subdir_count(struct btree_trans *trans, struct inode_walker *w)
 				continue;
 		}
 
-		if (fsck_err_on(i->inode.bi_nlink != i->count, c,
+		if (fsck_err_on(i->inode.bi_nlink != i->count,
+				c, inode_dir_wrong_nlink,
 				"directory %llu:%u with wrong i_nlink: got %u, should be %llu",
 				w->last_pos.inode, i->snapshot, i->inode.bi_nlink, i->count)) {
 			i->inode.bi_nlink = i->count;
@@ -1563,16 +1575,16 @@ static int check_dirent_target(struct btree_trans *trans,
 		backpointer_exists = ret;
 		ret = 0;
 
-		if (fsck_err_on(S_ISDIR(target->bi_mode) &&
-				backpointer_exists, c,
+		if (fsck_err_on(S_ISDIR(target->bi_mode) && backpointer_exists,
+				c, inode_dir_multiple_links,
 				"directory %llu with multiple links",
 				target->bi_inum)) {
 			ret = __remove_dirent(trans, d.k->p);
 			goto out;
 		}
 
-		if (fsck_err_on(backpointer_exists &&
-				!target->bi_nlink, c,
+		if (fsck_err_on(backpointer_exists && !target->bi_nlink,
+				c, inode_multiple_links_but_nlink_0,
 				"inode %llu type %s has multiple links but i_nlink 0",
 				target->bi_inum, bch2_d_types[d.v->d_type])) {
 			target->bi_nlink++;
@@ -1583,7 +1595,8 @@ static int check_dirent_target(struct btree_trans *trans,
 				goto err;
 		}
 
-		if (fsck_err_on(!backpointer_exists, c,
+		if (fsck_err_on(!backpointer_exists,
+				c, inode_wrong_backpointer,
 				"inode %llu:%u has wrong backpointer:\n"
 				"got       %llu:%llu\n"
 				"should be %llu:%llu",
@@ -1601,7 +1614,8 @@ static int check_dirent_target(struct btree_trans *trans,
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (fsck_err_on(d.v->d_type != inode_d_type(target), c,
+	if (fsck_err_on(d.v->d_type != inode_d_type(target),
+			c, dirent_d_type_wrong,
 			"incorrect d_type: got %s, should be %s:\n%s",
 			bch2_d_type_str(d.v->d_type),
 			bch2_d_type_str(inode_d_type(target)),
@@ -1625,7 +1639,8 @@ static int check_dirent_target(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	if (d.v->d_type == DT_SUBVOL &&
 	    target->bi_parent_subvol != le32_to_cpu(d.v->d_parent_subvol) &&
 	    (c->sb.version < bcachefs_metadata_version_subvol_dirent ||
-	     fsck_err(c, "dirent has wrong d_parent_subvol field: got %u, should be %u",
+	     fsck_err(c, dirent_d_parent_subvol_wrong,
+		      "dirent has wrong d_parent_subvol field: got %u, should be %u",
 		      le32_to_cpu(d.v->d_parent_subvol),
 		      target->bi_parent_subvol))) {
 		n = bch2_trans_kmalloc(trans, bkey_bytes(d.k));
@@ -1697,7 +1712,7 @@ static int check_dirent(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_iter *iter,
 		*hash_info = bch2_hash_info_init(c, &dir->inodes.data[0].inode);
 	dir->first_this_inode = false;
 
-	if (fsck_err_on(!i, c,
+	if (fsck_err_on(!i, c, dirent_in_missing_dir_inode,
 			"dirent in nonexisting directory:\n%s",
 			(printbuf_reset(&buf),
 			 bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf))) {
@@ -1709,7 +1724,8 @@ static int check_dirent(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_iter *iter,
 	if (!i)
 		goto out;
 
-	if (fsck_err_on(!S_ISDIR(i->inode.bi_mode), c,
+	if (fsck_err_on(!S_ISDIR(i->inode.bi_mode),
+			c, dirent_in_non_dir_inode,
 			"dirent in non directory inode type %s:\n%s",
 			bch2_d_type_str(inode_d_type(&i->inode)),
 			(printbuf_reset(&buf),
@@ -1743,7 +1759,7 @@ static int check_dirent(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_iter *iter,
 		if (ret && !bch2_err_matches(ret, ENOENT))
 			goto err;
 
-		if (fsck_err_on(ret, c,
+		if (fsck_err_on(ret, c, dirent_to_missing_subvol,
 				"dirent points to missing subvolume %u",
 				le32_to_cpu(d.v->d_child_subvol))) {
 			ret = __remove_dirent(trans, d.k->p);
@@ -1755,7 +1771,7 @@ static int check_dirent(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_iter *iter,
 		if (ret && !bch2_err_matches(ret, ENOENT))
 			goto err;
 
-		if (fsck_err_on(ret, c,
+		if (fsck_err_on(ret, c, subvol_to_missing_root,
 				"subvolume %u points to missing subvolume root %llu",
 				target_subvol,
 				target_inum)) {
@@ -1764,7 +1780,8 @@ static int check_dirent(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_iter *iter,
 			goto err;
 		}
 
-		if (fsck_err_on(subvol_root.bi_subvol != target_subvol, c,
+		if (fsck_err_on(subvol_root.bi_subvol != target_subvol,
+				c, subvol_root_wrong_bi_subvol,
 				"subvol root %llu has wrong bi_subvol field: got %u, should be %u",
 				target_inum,
 				subvol_root.bi_subvol, target_subvol)) {
@@ -1783,7 +1800,8 @@ static int check_dirent(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_iter *iter,
 		if (ret)
 			goto err;
 
-		if (fsck_err_on(!target->inodes.nr, c,
+		if (fsck_err_on(!target->inodes.nr,
+				c, dirent_to_missing_inode,
 				"dirent points to missing inode: (equiv %u)\n%s",
 				equiv.snapshot,
 				(printbuf_reset(&buf),
@@ -1869,7 +1887,7 @@ static int check_xattr(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_iter *iter,
 		*hash_info = bch2_hash_info_init(c, &inode->inodes.data[0].inode);
 	inode->first_this_inode = false;
 
-	if (fsck_err_on(!i, c,
+	if (fsck_err_on(!i, c, xattr_in_missing_inode,
 			"xattr for missing inode %llu",
 			k.k->p.inode))
 		return bch2_btree_delete_at(trans, iter, 0);
@@ -1918,7 +1936,8 @@ static int check_root_trans(struct btree_trans *trans)
 	if (ret && !bch2_err_matches(ret, ENOENT))
 		return ret;
 
-	if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(ret, c, "root subvol missing")) {
+	if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(ret, c, root_subvol_missing,
+				"root subvol missing")) {
 		struct bkey_i_subvolume root_subvol;
 
 		snapshot	= U32_MAX;
@@ -1944,8 +1963,10 @@ static int check_root_trans(struct btree_trans *trans)
 	if (ret && !bch2_err_matches(ret, ENOENT))
 		return ret;
 
-	if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(ret, c, "root directory missing") ||
-	    mustfix_fsck_err_on(!S_ISDIR(root_inode.bi_mode), c,
+	if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(ret, c, root_dir_missing,
+				"root directory missing") ||
+	    mustfix_fsck_err_on(!S_ISDIR(root_inode.bi_mode),
+				c, root_inode_not_dir,
 				"root inode not a directory")) {
 		bch2_inode_init(c, &root_inode, 0, 0, S_IFDIR|0755,
 				0, NULL);
@@ -2049,7 +2070,8 @@ static int check_path(struct btree_trans *trans,
 		}
 
 		if (bch2_err_matches(ret, ENOENT)) {
-			if (fsck_err(c,  "unreachable inode %llu:%u, type %s nlink %u backptr %llu:%llu",
+			if (fsck_err(c,  inode_unreachable,
+				     "unreachable inode %llu:%u, type %s nlink %u backptr %llu:%llu",
 				     inode->bi_inum, snapshot,
 				     bch2_d_type_str(inode_d_type(inode)),
 				     inode->bi_nlink,
@@ -2089,7 +2111,8 @@ static int check_path(struct btree_trans *trans,
 				pr_err("%llu:%u", i->inum, i->snapshot);
 			pr_err("%llu:%u", inode->bi_inum, snapshot);
 
-			if (!fsck_err(c, "directory structure loop"))
+			if (!fsck_err(c, dir_loop,
+				      "directory structure loop"))
 				return 0;
 
 			ret = commit_do(trans, NULL, NULL,
@@ -2349,7 +2372,8 @@ static int check_nlinks_update_inode(struct btree_trans *trans, struct btree_ite
 		link = &links->d[++*idx];
 	}
 
-	if (fsck_err_on(bch2_inode_nlink_get(&u) != link->count, c,
+	if (fsck_err_on(bch2_inode_nlink_get(&u) != link->count,
+			c, inode_wrong_nlink,
 			"inode %llu type %s has wrong i_nlink (%u, should be %u)",
 			u.bi_inum, bch2_d_types[mode_to_type(u.bi_mode)],
 			bch2_inode_nlink_get(&u), link->count)) {
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/inode.c b/fs/bcachefs/inode.c
index 23fcd442c514..925d1b7f2887 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/inode.c
@@ -398,104 +398,102 @@ struct bkey_i *bch2_inode_to_v3(struct btree_trans *trans, struct bkey_i *k)
 	return &inode_p->inode.k_i;
 }
 
-static int __bch2_inode_invalid(struct bkey_s_c k, struct printbuf *err)
+static int __bch2_inode_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k, struct printbuf *err)
 {
 	struct bch_inode_unpacked unpacked;
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	if (k.k->p.inode) {
-		prt_printf(err, "nonzero k.p.inode");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(k.k->p.inode, c, err,
+			 inode_pos_inode_nonzero,
+			 "nonzero k.p.inode");
 
-	if (k.k->p.offset < BLOCKDEV_INODE_MAX) {
-		prt_printf(err, "fs inode in blockdev range");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(k.k->p.offset < BLOCKDEV_INODE_MAX, c, err,
+			 inode_pos_blockdev_range,
+			 "fs inode in blockdev range");
 
-	if (bch2_inode_unpack(k, &unpacked)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "invalid variable length fields");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(bch2_inode_unpack(k, &unpacked), c, err,
+			 inode_unpack_error,
+			 "invalid variable length fields");
 
-	if (unpacked.bi_data_checksum >= BCH_CSUM_OPT_NR + 1) {
-		prt_printf(err, "invalid data checksum type (%u >= %u",
-			unpacked.bi_data_checksum, BCH_CSUM_OPT_NR + 1);
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(unpacked.bi_data_checksum >= BCH_CSUM_OPT_NR + 1, c, err,
+			 inode_checksum_type_invalid,
+			 "invalid data checksum type (%u >= %u",
+			 unpacked.bi_data_checksum, BCH_CSUM_OPT_NR + 1);
 
-	if (unpacked.bi_compression &&
-	    !bch2_compression_opt_valid(unpacked.bi_compression - 1)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "invalid compression opt %u",
-			   unpacked.bi_compression - 1);
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(unpacked.bi_compression &&
+			 !bch2_compression_opt_valid(unpacked.bi_compression - 1), c, err,
+			 inode_compression_type_invalid,
+			 "invalid compression opt %u", unpacked.bi_compression - 1);
 
-	if ((unpacked.bi_flags & BCH_INODE_UNLINKED) &&
-	    unpacked.bi_nlink != 0) {
-		prt_printf(err, "flagged as unlinked but bi_nlink != 0");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on((unpacked.bi_flags & BCH_INODE_UNLINKED) &&
+			 unpacked.bi_nlink != 0, c, err,
+			 inode_unlinked_but_nlink_nonzero,
+			 "flagged as unlinked but bi_nlink != 0");
 
-	if (unpacked.bi_subvol && !S_ISDIR(unpacked.bi_mode)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "subvolume root but not a directory");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(unpacked.bi_subvol && !S_ISDIR(unpacked.bi_mode), c, err,
+			 inode_subvol_root_but_not_dir,
+			 "subvolume root but not a directory");
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
-int bch2_inode_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_inode_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 		       enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 		       struct printbuf *err)
 {
 	struct bkey_s_c_inode inode = bkey_s_c_to_inode(k);
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	if (INODE_STR_HASH(inode.v) >= BCH_STR_HASH_NR) {
-		prt_printf(err, "invalid str hash type (%llu >= %u)",
-		       INODE_STR_HASH(inode.v), BCH_STR_HASH_NR);
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(INODE_STR_HASH(inode.v) >= BCH_STR_HASH_NR, c, err,
+			 inode_str_hash_invalid,
+			 "invalid str hash type (%llu >= %u)",
+			 INODE_STR_HASH(inode.v), BCH_STR_HASH_NR);
 
-	return __bch2_inode_invalid(k, err);
+	ret = __bch2_inode_invalid(c, k, err);
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
-int bch2_inode_v2_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_inode_v2_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			  enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 			  struct printbuf *err)
 {
 	struct bkey_s_c_inode_v2 inode = bkey_s_c_to_inode_v2(k);
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	if (INODEv2_STR_HASH(inode.v) >= BCH_STR_HASH_NR) {
-		prt_printf(err, "invalid str hash type (%llu >= %u)",
-		       INODEv2_STR_HASH(inode.v), BCH_STR_HASH_NR);
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(INODEv2_STR_HASH(inode.v) >= BCH_STR_HASH_NR, c, err,
+			 inode_str_hash_invalid,
+			 "invalid str hash type (%llu >= %u)",
+			 INODEv2_STR_HASH(inode.v), BCH_STR_HASH_NR);
 
-	return __bch2_inode_invalid(k, err);
+	ret = __bch2_inode_invalid(c, k, err);
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
-int bch2_inode_v3_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_inode_v3_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			  enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 			  struct printbuf *err)
 {
 	struct bkey_s_c_inode_v3 inode = bkey_s_c_to_inode_v3(k);
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	if (INODEv3_FIELDS_START(inode.v) < INODEv3_FIELDS_START_INITIAL ||
-	    INODEv3_FIELDS_START(inode.v) > bkey_val_u64s(inode.k)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "invalid fields_start (got %llu, min %u max %zu)",
-		       INODEv3_FIELDS_START(inode.v),
-		       INODEv3_FIELDS_START_INITIAL,
-		       bkey_val_u64s(inode.k));
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(INODEv3_FIELDS_START(inode.v) < INODEv3_FIELDS_START_INITIAL ||
+			 INODEv3_FIELDS_START(inode.v) > bkey_val_u64s(inode.k), c, err,
+			 inode_v3_fields_start_bad,
+			 "invalid fields_start (got %llu, min %u max %zu)",
+			 INODEv3_FIELDS_START(inode.v),
+			 INODEv3_FIELDS_START_INITIAL,
+			 bkey_val_u64s(inode.k));
 
-	if (INODEv3_STR_HASH(inode.v) >= BCH_STR_HASH_NR) {
-		prt_printf(err, "invalid str hash type (%llu >= %u)",
-		       INODEv3_STR_HASH(inode.v), BCH_STR_HASH_NR);
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(INODEv3_STR_HASH(inode.v) >= BCH_STR_HASH_NR, c, err,
+			 inode_str_hash_invalid,
+			 "invalid str hash type (%llu >= %u)",
+			 INODEv3_STR_HASH(inode.v), BCH_STR_HASH_NR);
 
-	return __bch2_inode_invalid(k, err);
+	ret = __bch2_inode_invalid(c, k, err);
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static void __bch2_inode_unpacked_to_text(struct printbuf *out,
@@ -612,16 +610,17 @@ int bch2_mark_inode(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int bch2_inode_generation_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_inode_generation_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 				  enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 				  struct printbuf *err)
 {
-	if (k.k->p.inode) {
-		prt_printf(err, "nonzero k.p.inode");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	return 0;
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(k.k->p.inode, c, err,
+			 inode_pos_inode_nonzero,
+			 "nonzero k.p.inode");
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
 void bch2_inode_generation_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c,
@@ -1068,6 +1067,7 @@ static int may_delete_deleted_inode(struct btree_trans *trans, struct bpos pos)
 		return 0;
 
 	if (!fsck_err_on(c->sb.clean, c,
+			 deleted_inode_but_clean,
 			 "filesystem marked as clean but have deleted inode %llu:%u",
 			 pos.offset, pos.snapshot))
 		return 0;
@@ -1079,6 +1079,7 @@ static int may_delete_deleted_inode(struct btree_trans *trans, struct bpos pos)
 
 	ret = bkey_is_inode(k.k) ? 0 : -BCH_ERR_ENOENT_inode;
 	if (fsck_err_on(!bkey_is_inode(k.k), c,
+			deleted_inode_missing,
 			"nonexistent inode %llu:%u in deleted_inodes btree",
 			pos.offset, pos.snapshot))
 		goto delete;
@@ -1088,11 +1089,13 @@ static int may_delete_deleted_inode(struct btree_trans *trans, struct bpos pos)
 		goto err;
 
 	if (fsck_err_on(S_ISDIR(inode.bi_mode), c,
+			deleted_inode_is_dir,
 			"directory %llu:%u in deleted_inodes btree",
 			pos.offset, pos.snapshot))
 		goto delete;
 
 	if (fsck_err_on(!(inode.bi_flags & BCH_INODE_UNLINKED), c,
+			deleted_inode_not_unlinked,
 			"non-deleted inode %llu:%u in deleted_inodes btree",
 			pos.offset, pos.snapshot))
 		goto delete;
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/inode.h b/fs/bcachefs/inode.h
index 2781e3281583..74c62e6c16cc 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/inode.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/inode.h
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
 enum bkey_invalid_flags;
 extern const char * const bch2_inode_opts[];
 
-int bch2_inode_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_inode_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 		       enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
-int bch2_inode_v2_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_inode_v2_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 			  enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
-int bch2_inode_v3_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_inode_v3_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 			  enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
 void bch2_inode_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c);
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ static inline bool bkey_is_inode(const struct bkey *k)
 		k->type == KEY_TYPE_inode_v3;
 }
 
-int bch2_inode_generation_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_inode_generation_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 				  enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
 void bch2_inode_generation_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c);
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/journal_io.c b/fs/bcachefs/journal_io.c
index 9807e909cff4..65878542940d 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/journal_io.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/journal_io.c
@@ -140,7 +140,8 @@ static int journal_entry_add(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca,
 		if (!dup->csum_good)
 			goto replace;
 
-		fsck_err(c, "found duplicate but non identical journal entries (seq %llu)",
+		fsck_err(c, journal_entry_replicas_data_mismatch,
+			 "found duplicate but non identical journal entries (seq %llu)",
 			 le64_to_cpu(j->seq));
 		i = dup;
 		goto found;
@@ -235,7 +236,7 @@ static void journal_entry_err_msg(struct printbuf *out,
 	prt_str(out, ": ");
 }
 
-#define journal_entry_err(c, version, jset, entry, msg, ...)		\
+#define journal_entry_err(c, version, jset, entry, _err, msg, ...)	\
 ({									\
 	struct printbuf _buf = PRINTBUF;				\
 									\
@@ -244,9 +245,10 @@ static void journal_entry_err_msg(struct printbuf *out,
 									\
 	switch (flags & BKEY_INVALID_WRITE) {				\
 	case READ:							\
-		mustfix_fsck_err(c, "%s", _buf.buf);			\
+		mustfix_fsck_err(c, _err, "%s", _buf.buf);		\
 		break;							\
 	case WRITE:							\
+		bch2_sb_error_count(c, BCH_FSCK_ERR_##_err);		\
 		bch_err(c, "corrupt metadata before write: %s\n", _buf.buf);\
 		if (bch2_fs_inconsistent(c)) {				\
 			ret = -BCH_ERR_fsck_errors_not_fixed;		\
@@ -259,8 +261,8 @@ static void journal_entry_err_msg(struct printbuf *out,
 	true;								\
 })
 
-#define journal_entry_err_on(cond, c, version, jset, entry, msg, ...)	\
-	((cond) ? journal_entry_err(c, version, jset, entry, msg, ##__VA_ARGS__) : false)
+#define journal_entry_err_on(cond, ...)					\
+	((cond) ? journal_entry_err(__VA_ARGS__) : false)
 
 #define FSCK_DELETED_KEY	5
 
@@ -277,7 +279,10 @@ static int journal_validate_key(struct bch_fs *c,
 	struct printbuf buf = PRINTBUF;
 	int ret = 0;
 
-	if (journal_entry_err_on(!k->k.u64s, c, version, jset, entry, "k->u64s 0")) {
+	if (journal_entry_err_on(!k->k.u64s,
+				 c, version, jset, entry,
+				 journal_entry_bkey_u64s_0,
+				 "k->u64s 0")) {
 		entry->u64s = cpu_to_le16((u64 *) k - entry->_data);
 		journal_entry_null_range(vstruct_next(entry), next);
 		return FSCK_DELETED_KEY;
@@ -286,6 +291,7 @@ static int journal_validate_key(struct bch_fs *c,
 	if (journal_entry_err_on((void *) bkey_next(k) >
 				 (void *) vstruct_next(entry),
 				 c, version, jset, entry,
+				 journal_entry_bkey_past_end,
 				 "extends past end of journal entry")) {
 		entry->u64s = cpu_to_le16((u64 *) k - entry->_data);
 		journal_entry_null_range(vstruct_next(entry), next);
@@ -294,6 +300,7 @@ static int journal_validate_key(struct bch_fs *c,
 
 	if (journal_entry_err_on(k->k.format != KEY_FORMAT_CURRENT,
 				 c, version, jset, entry,
+				 journal_entry_bkey_bad_format,
 				 "bad format %u", k->k.format)) {
 		le16_add_cpu(&entry->u64s, -((u16) k->k.u64s));
 		memmove(k, bkey_next(k), next - (void *) bkey_next(k));
@@ -317,7 +324,8 @@ static int journal_validate_key(struct bch_fs *c,
 		bch2_bkey_invalid(c, bkey_i_to_s_c(k),
 				  __btree_node_type(level, btree_id), write, &buf);
 
-		mustfix_fsck_err(c, "%s", buf.buf);
+		mustfix_fsck_err(c, journal_entry_bkey_invalid,
+				 "%s", buf.buf);
 
 		le16_add_cpu(&entry->u64s, -((u16) k->k.u64s));
 		memmove(k, bkey_next(k), next - (void *) bkey_next(k));
@@ -387,6 +395,7 @@ static int journal_entry_btree_root_validate(struct bch_fs *c,
 	if (journal_entry_err_on(!entry->u64s ||
 				 le16_to_cpu(entry->u64s) != k->k.u64s,
 				 c, version, jset, entry,
+				 journal_entry_btree_root_bad_size,
 				 "invalid btree root journal entry: wrong number of keys")) {
 		void *next = vstruct_next(entry);
 		/*
@@ -436,6 +445,7 @@ static int journal_entry_blacklist_validate(struct bch_fs *c,
 
 	if (journal_entry_err_on(le16_to_cpu(entry->u64s) != 1,
 				 c, version, jset, entry,
+				 journal_entry_blacklist_bad_size,
 		"invalid journal seq blacklist entry: bad size")) {
 		journal_entry_null_range(entry, vstruct_next(entry));
 	}
@@ -463,6 +473,7 @@ static int journal_entry_blacklist_v2_validate(struct bch_fs *c,
 
 	if (journal_entry_err_on(le16_to_cpu(entry->u64s) != 2,
 				 c, version, jset, entry,
+				 journal_entry_blacklist_v2_bad_size,
 		"invalid journal seq blacklist entry: bad size")) {
 		journal_entry_null_range(entry, vstruct_next(entry));
 		goto out;
@@ -473,6 +484,7 @@ static int journal_entry_blacklist_v2_validate(struct bch_fs *c,
 	if (journal_entry_err_on(le64_to_cpu(bl_entry->start) >
 				 le64_to_cpu(bl_entry->end),
 				 c, version, jset, entry,
+				 journal_entry_blacklist_v2_start_past_end,
 		"invalid journal seq blacklist entry: start > end")) {
 		journal_entry_null_range(entry, vstruct_next(entry));
 	}
@@ -505,6 +517,7 @@ static int journal_entry_usage_validate(struct bch_fs *c,
 
 	if (journal_entry_err_on(bytes < sizeof(*u),
 				 c, version, jset, entry,
+				 journal_entry_usage_bad_size,
 				 "invalid journal entry usage: bad size")) {
 		journal_entry_null_range(entry, vstruct_next(entry));
 		return ret;
@@ -539,6 +552,7 @@ static int journal_entry_data_usage_validate(struct bch_fs *c,
 	if (journal_entry_err_on(bytes < sizeof(*u) ||
 				 bytes < sizeof(*u) + u->r.nr_devs,
 				 c, version, jset, entry,
+				 journal_entry_data_usage_bad_size,
 				 "invalid journal entry usage: bad size")) {
 		journal_entry_null_range(entry, vstruct_next(entry));
 		return ret;
@@ -570,13 +584,17 @@ static int journal_entry_clock_validate(struct bch_fs *c,
 	int ret = 0;
 
 	if (journal_entry_err_on(bytes != sizeof(*clock),
-				 c, version, jset, entry, "bad size")) {
+				 c, version, jset, entry,
+				 journal_entry_clock_bad_size,
+				 "bad size")) {
 		journal_entry_null_range(entry, vstruct_next(entry));
 		return ret;
 	}
 
 	if (journal_entry_err_on(clock->rw > 1,
-				 c, version, jset, entry, "bad rw")) {
+				 c, version, jset, entry,
+				 journal_entry_clock_bad_rw,
+				 "bad rw")) {
 		journal_entry_null_range(entry, vstruct_next(entry));
 		return ret;
 	}
@@ -608,7 +626,9 @@ static int journal_entry_dev_usage_validate(struct bch_fs *c,
 	int ret = 0;
 
 	if (journal_entry_err_on(bytes < expected,
-				 c, version, jset, entry, "bad size (%u < %u)",
+				 c, version, jset, entry,
+				 journal_entry_dev_usage_bad_size,
+				 "bad size (%u < %u)",
 				 bytes, expected)) {
 		journal_entry_null_range(entry, vstruct_next(entry));
 		return ret;
@@ -617,13 +637,17 @@ static int journal_entry_dev_usage_validate(struct bch_fs *c,
 	dev = le32_to_cpu(u->dev);
 
 	if (journal_entry_err_on(!bch2_dev_exists2(c, dev),
-				 c, version, jset, entry, "bad dev")) {
+				 c, version, jset, entry,
+				 journal_entry_dev_usage_bad_dev,
+				 "bad dev")) {
 		journal_entry_null_range(entry, vstruct_next(entry));
 		return ret;
 	}
 
 	if (journal_entry_err_on(u->pad,
-				 c, version, jset, entry, "bad pad")) {
+				 c, version, jset, entry,
+				 journal_entry_dev_usage_bad_pad,
+				 "bad pad")) {
 		journal_entry_null_range(entry, vstruct_next(entry));
 		return ret;
 	}
@@ -738,7 +762,8 @@ static int jset_validate_entries(struct bch_fs *c, struct jset *jset,
 
 	vstruct_for_each(jset, entry) {
 		if (journal_entry_err_on(vstruct_next(entry) > vstruct_last(jset),
-					 c, version, jset, entry,
+				c, version, jset, entry,
+				journal_entry_past_jset_end,
 				"journal entry extends past end of jset")) {
 			jset->u64s = cpu_to_le32((u64 *) entry - jset->_data);
 			break;
@@ -767,6 +792,7 @@ static int jset_validate(struct bch_fs *c,
 	version = le32_to_cpu(jset->version);
 	if (journal_entry_err_on(!bch2_version_compatible(version),
 			c, version, jset, NULL,
+			jset_unsupported_version,
 			"%s sector %llu seq %llu: incompatible journal entry version %u.%u",
 			ca ? ca->name : c->name,
 			sector, le64_to_cpu(jset->seq),
@@ -777,7 +803,8 @@ static int jset_validate(struct bch_fs *c,
 	}
 
 	if (journal_entry_err_on(!bch2_checksum_type_valid(c, JSET_CSUM_TYPE(jset)),
-				 c, version, jset, NULL,
+			c, version, jset, NULL,
+			jset_unknown_csum,
 			"%s sector %llu seq %llu: journal entry with unknown csum type %llu",
 			ca ? ca->name : c->name,
 			sector, le64_to_cpu(jset->seq),
@@ -788,6 +815,7 @@ static int jset_validate(struct bch_fs *c,
 	if (journal_entry_err_on(!JSET_NO_FLUSH(jset) &&
 				 le64_to_cpu(jset->last_seq) > le64_to_cpu(jset->seq),
 				 c, version, jset, NULL,
+				 jset_last_seq_newer_than_seq,
 				 "invalid journal entry: last_seq > seq (%llu > %llu)",
 				 le64_to_cpu(jset->last_seq),
 				 le64_to_cpu(jset->seq))) {
@@ -816,7 +844,8 @@ static int jset_validate_early(struct bch_fs *c,
 
 	version = le32_to_cpu(jset->version);
 	if (journal_entry_err_on(!bch2_version_compatible(version),
-			 c, version, jset, NULL,
+			c, version, jset, NULL,
+			jset_unsupported_version,
 			"%s sector %llu seq %llu: unknown journal entry version %u.%u",
 			ca ? ca->name : c->name,
 			sector, le64_to_cpu(jset->seq),
@@ -831,7 +860,8 @@ static int jset_validate_early(struct bch_fs *c,
 		return JOURNAL_ENTRY_REREAD;
 
 	if (journal_entry_err_on(bytes > bucket_sectors_left << 9,
-			 c, version, jset, NULL,
+			c, version, jset, NULL,
+			jset_past_bucket_end,
 			"%s sector %llu seq %llu: journal entry too big (%zu bytes)",
 			ca ? ca->name : c->name,
 			sector, le64_to_cpu(jset->seq), bytes))
@@ -1173,6 +1203,7 @@ int bch2_journal_read(struct bch_fs *c,
 
 		if (journal_entry_err_on(le64_to_cpu(i->j.last_seq) > le64_to_cpu(i->j.seq),
 					 c, le32_to_cpu(i->j.version), &i->j, NULL,
+					 jset_last_seq_newer_than_seq,
 					 "invalid journal entry: last_seq > seq (%llu > %llu)",
 					 le64_to_cpu(i->j.last_seq),
 					 le64_to_cpu(i->j.seq)))
@@ -1189,7 +1220,8 @@ int bch2_journal_read(struct bch_fs *c,
 	}
 
 	if (!*last_seq) {
-		fsck_err(c, "journal read done, but no entries found after dropping non-flushes");
+		fsck_err(c, dirty_but_no_journal_entries_post_drop_nonflushes,
+			 "journal read done, but no entries found after dropping non-flushes");
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -1215,6 +1247,7 @@ int bch2_journal_read(struct bch_fs *c,
 
 		if (bch2_journal_seq_is_blacklisted(c, seq, true)) {
 			fsck_err_on(!JSET_NO_FLUSH(&i->j), c,
+				    jset_seq_blacklisted,
 				    "found blacklisted journal entry %llu", seq);
 			i->ignore = true;
 		}
@@ -1255,7 +1288,8 @@ int bch2_journal_read(struct bch_fs *c,
 			bch2_journal_ptrs_to_text(&buf2, c, i);
 
 			missing_end = seq - 1;
-			fsck_err(c, "journal entries %llu-%llu missing! (replaying %llu-%llu)\n"
+			fsck_err(c, journal_entries_missing,
+				 "journal entries %llu-%llu missing! (replaying %llu-%llu)\n"
 				 "  prev at %s\n"
 				 "  next at %s",
 				 missing_start, missing_end,
@@ -1310,7 +1344,8 @@ int bch2_journal_read(struct bch_fs *c,
 		if (!degraded &&
 		    !bch2_replicas_marked(c, &replicas.e) &&
 		    (le64_to_cpu(i->j.seq) == *last_seq ||
-		     fsck_err(c, "superblock not marked as containing replicas for journal entry %llu\n  %s",
+		     fsck_err(c, journal_entry_replicas_not_marked,
+			      "superblock not marked as containing replicas for journal entry %llu\n  %s",
 			      le64_to_cpu(i->j.seq), buf.buf))) {
 			ret = bch2_mark_replicas(c, &replicas.e);
 			if (ret)
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/lru.c b/fs/bcachefs/lru.c
index 215a653322f3..a5cc0ed195d6 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/lru.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/lru.c
@@ -10,17 +10,17 @@
 #include "recovery.h"
 
 /* KEY_TYPE_lru is obsolete: */
-int bch2_lru_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_lru_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 		     enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 		     struct printbuf *err)
 {
-	if (!lru_pos_time(k.k->p)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "lru entry at time=0");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-
-	}
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	return 0;
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(!lru_pos_time(k.k->p), c, err,
+			 lru_entry_at_time_0,
+			 "lru entry at time=0");
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
 void bch2_lru_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c,
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ static int bch2_check_lru_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	int ret;
 
 	if (fsck_err_on(!bch2_dev_bucket_exists(c, alloc_pos), c,
+			lru_entry_to_invalid_bucket,
 			"lru key points to nonexistent device:bucket %llu:%llu",
 			alloc_pos.inode, alloc_pos.offset))
 		return bch2_btree_delete_at(trans, lru_iter, 0);
@@ -125,7 +126,8 @@ static int bch2_check_lru_key(struct btree_trans *trans,
 		}
 
 		if (c->opts.reconstruct_alloc ||
-		    fsck_err(c, "incorrect lru entry: lru %s time %llu\n"
+		    fsck_err(c, lru_entry_bad,
+			     "incorrect lru entry: lru %s time %llu\n"
 			     "  %s\n"
 			     "  for %s",
 			     bch2_lru_types[type],
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/lru.h b/fs/bcachefs/lru.h
index be66bf9ad809..429dca816df5 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/lru.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/lru.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ static inline enum bch_lru_type lru_type(struct bkey_s_c l)
 	return BCH_LRU_read;
 }
 
-int bch2_lru_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_lru_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 		     enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
 void bch2_lru_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c);
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/quota.c b/fs/bcachefs/quota.c
index cb68ae44d597..a54647c36b85 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/quota.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/quota.c
@@ -59,17 +59,18 @@ const struct bch_sb_field_ops bch_sb_field_ops_quota = {
 	.to_text	= bch2_sb_quota_to_text,
 };
 
-int bch2_quota_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_quota_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 		       enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 		       struct printbuf *err)
 {
-	if (k.k->p.inode >= QTYP_NR) {
-		prt_printf(err, "invalid quota type (%llu >= %u)",
-		       k.k->p.inode, QTYP_NR);
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	return 0;
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(k.k->p.inode >= QTYP_NR, c, err,
+			 quota_type_invalid,
+			 "invalid quota type (%llu >= %u)",
+			 k.k->p.inode, QTYP_NR);
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
 void bch2_quota_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c,
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/quota.h b/fs/bcachefs/quota.h
index 2f463874a362..884f601f41c4 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/quota.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/quota.h
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 enum bkey_invalid_flags;
 extern const struct bch_sb_field_ops bch_sb_field_ops_quota;
 
-int bch2_quota_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_quota_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 		       enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
 void bch2_quota_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c);
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/recovery.c b/fs/bcachefs/recovery.c
index 02025099c38f..f73338f37bf1 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/recovery.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/recovery.c
@@ -365,8 +365,10 @@ static int read_btree_roots(struct bch_fs *c)
 		}
 
 		if (r->error) {
-			__fsck_err(c, btree_id_is_alloc(i)
+			__fsck_err(c,
+				   btree_id_is_alloc(i)
 				   ? FSCK_CAN_IGNORE : 0,
+				   btree_root_bkey_invalid,
 				   "invalid btree root %s",
 				   bch2_btree_id_str(i));
 			if (i == BTREE_ID_alloc)
@@ -376,6 +378,7 @@ static int read_btree_roots(struct bch_fs *c)
 		ret = bch2_btree_root_read(c, i, &r->key, r->level);
 		if (ret) {
 			fsck_err(c,
+				 btree_root_read_error,
 				 "error reading btree root %s",
 				 bch2_btree_id_str(i));
 			if (btree_id_is_alloc(i))
@@ -714,6 +717,7 @@ int bch2_fs_recovery(struct bch_fs *c)
 		if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(c->sb.clean &&
 					last_journal_entry &&
 					!journal_entry_empty(last_journal_entry), c,
+				clean_but_journal_not_empty,
 				"filesystem marked clean but journal not empty")) {
 			c->sb.compat &= ~(1ULL << BCH_COMPAT_alloc_info);
 			SET_BCH_SB_CLEAN(c->disk_sb.sb, false);
@@ -721,7 +725,9 @@ int bch2_fs_recovery(struct bch_fs *c)
 		}
 
 		if (!last_journal_entry) {
-			fsck_err_on(!c->sb.clean, c, "no journal entries found");
+			fsck_err_on(!c->sb.clean, c,
+				    dirty_but_no_journal_entries,
+				    "no journal entries found");
 			if (clean)
 				goto use_clean;
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/reflink.c b/fs/bcachefs/reflink.c
index dbbdf1955f76..eb31df605c2e 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/reflink.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/reflink.c
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ static inline unsigned bkey_type_to_indirect(const struct bkey *k)
 
 /* reflink pointers */
 
-int bch2_reflink_p_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_reflink_p_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			   enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 			   struct printbuf *err)
 {
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ bool bch2_reflink_p_merge(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s _l, struct bkey_s_c _r
 
 /* indirect extents */
 
-int bch2_reflink_v_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_reflink_v_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			   enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 			   struct printbuf *err)
 {
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ int bch2_trans_mark_reflink_v(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 /* indirect inline data */
 
-int bch2_indirect_inline_data_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_indirect_inline_data_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 				      enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 				      struct printbuf *err)
 {
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/reflink.h b/fs/bcachefs/reflink.h
index fe52538efb52..8ccf3f9c4939 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/reflink.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/reflink.h
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 enum bkey_invalid_flags;
 
-int bch2_reflink_p_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_reflink_p_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 			   enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
 void bch2_reflink_p_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct bch_fs *,
 			    struct bkey_s_c);
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ bool bch2_reflink_p_merge(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s, struct bkey_s_c);
 	.min_val_size	= 16,					\
 })
 
-int bch2_reflink_v_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_reflink_v_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 			   enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
 void bch2_reflink_v_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct bch_fs *,
 			    struct bkey_s_c);
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ int bch2_trans_mark_reflink_v(struct btree_trans *, enum btree_id, unsigned,
 	.min_val_size	= 8,					\
 })
 
-int bch2_indirect_inline_data_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_indirect_inline_data_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 				      enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
 void bch2_indirect_inline_data_to_text(struct printbuf *,
 				struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c);
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/sb-clean.c b/fs/bcachefs/sb-clean.c
index 61203d7c8d36..9b6cc86d264a 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/sb-clean.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/sb-clean.c
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ int bch2_verify_superblock_clean(struct bch_fs *c,
 	int ret = 0;
 
 	if (mustfix_fsck_err_on(j->seq != clean->journal_seq, c,
+			sb_clean_journal_seq_mismatch,
 			"superblock journal seq (%llu) doesn't match journal (%llu) after clean shutdown",
 			le64_to_cpu(clean->journal_seq),
 			le64_to_cpu(j->seq))) {
@@ -119,6 +120,7 @@ int bch2_verify_superblock_clean(struct bch_fs *c,
 				    k1->k.u64s != k2->k.u64s ||
 				    memcmp(k1, k2, bkey_bytes(&k1->k)) ||
 				    l1 != l2, c,
+			sb_clean_btree_root_mismatch,
 			"superblock btree root %u doesn't match journal after clean shutdown\n"
 			"sb:      l=%u %s\n"
 			"journal: l=%u %s\n", i,
@@ -140,6 +142,7 @@ struct bch_sb_field_clean *bch2_read_superblock_clean(struct bch_fs *c)
 	sb_clean = bch2_sb_field_get(c->disk_sb.sb, clean);
 
 	if (fsck_err_on(!sb_clean, c,
+			sb_clean_missing,
 			"superblock marked clean but clean section not present")) {
 		SET_BCH_SB_CLEAN(c->disk_sb.sb, false);
 		c->sb.clean = false;
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/sb-errors.h b/fs/bcachefs/sb-errors.h
index 7f8172821240..5a09a53966be 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/sb-errors.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/sb-errors.h
@@ -4,7 +4,251 @@
 
 #include "sb-errors_types.h"
 
-#define BCH_SB_ERRS()
+#define BCH_SB_ERRS()							\
+	x(clean_but_journal_not_empty,				0)	\
+	x(dirty_but_no_journal_entries,				1)	\
+	x(dirty_but_no_journal_entries_post_drop_nonflushes,	2)	\
+	x(sb_clean_journal_seq_mismatch,			3)	\
+	x(sb_clean_btree_root_mismatch,				4)	\
+	x(sb_clean_missing,					5)	\
+	x(jset_unsupported_version,				6)	\
+	x(jset_unknown_csum,					7)	\
+	x(jset_last_seq_newer_than_seq,				8)	\
+	x(jset_past_bucket_end,					9)	\
+	x(jset_seq_blacklisted,					10)	\
+	x(journal_entries_missing,				11)	\
+	x(journal_entry_replicas_not_marked,			12)	\
+	x(journal_entry_past_jset_end,				13)	\
+	x(journal_entry_replicas_data_mismatch,			14)	\
+	x(journal_entry_bkey_u64s_0,				15)	\
+	x(journal_entry_bkey_past_end,				16)	\
+	x(journal_entry_bkey_bad_format,			17)	\
+	x(journal_entry_bkey_invalid,				18)	\
+	x(journal_entry_btree_root_bad_size,			19)	\
+	x(journal_entry_blacklist_bad_size,			20)	\
+	x(journal_entry_blacklist_v2_bad_size,			21)	\
+	x(journal_entry_blacklist_v2_start_past_end,		22)	\
+	x(journal_entry_usage_bad_size,				23)	\
+	x(journal_entry_data_usage_bad_size,			24)	\
+	x(journal_entry_clock_bad_size,				25)	\
+	x(journal_entry_clock_bad_rw,				26)	\
+	x(journal_entry_dev_usage_bad_size,			27)	\
+	x(journal_entry_dev_usage_bad_dev,			28)	\
+	x(journal_entry_dev_usage_bad_pad,			29)	\
+	x(btree_node_unreadable,				30)	\
+	x(btree_node_fault_injected,				31)	\
+	x(btree_node_bad_magic,					32)	\
+	x(btree_node_bad_seq,					33)	\
+	x(btree_node_unsupported_version,			34)	\
+	x(btree_node_bset_older_than_sb_min,			35)	\
+	x(btree_node_bset_newer_than_sb,			36)	\
+	x(btree_node_data_missing,				37)	\
+	x(btree_node_bset_after_end,				38)	\
+	x(btree_node_replicas_sectors_written_mismatch,		39)	\
+	x(btree_node_replicas_data_mismatch,			40)	\
+	x(bset_unknown_csum,					41)	\
+	x(bset_bad_csum,					42)	\
+	x(bset_past_end_of_btree_node,				43)	\
+	x(bset_wrong_sector_offset,				44)	\
+	x(bset_empty,						45)	\
+	x(bset_bad_seq,						46)	\
+	x(bset_blacklisted_journal_seq,				47)	\
+	x(first_bset_blacklisted_journal_seq,			48)	\
+	x(btree_node_bad_btree,					49)	\
+	x(btree_node_bad_level,					50)	\
+	x(btree_node_bad_min_key,				51)	\
+	x(btree_node_bad_max_key,				52)	\
+	x(btree_node_bad_format,				53)	\
+	x(btree_node_bkey_past_bset_end,			54)	\
+	x(btree_node_bkey_bad_format,				55)	\
+	x(btree_node_bad_bkey,					56)	\
+	x(btree_node_bkey_out_of_order,				57)	\
+	x(btree_root_bkey_invalid,				58)	\
+	x(btree_root_read_error,				59)	\
+	x(btree_root_bad_min_key,				50)	\
+	x(btree_root_bad_max_key,				61)	\
+	x(btree_node_read_error,				62)	\
+	x(btree_node_topology_bad_min_key,			63)	\
+	x(btree_node_topology_bad_max_key,			64)	\
+	x(btree_node_topology_overwritten_by_prev_node,		65)	\
+	x(btree_node_topology_overwritten_by_next_node,		66)	\
+	x(btree_node_topology_interior_node_empty,		67)	\
+	x(fs_usage_hidden_wrong,				68)	\
+	x(fs_usage_btree_wrong,					69)	\
+	x(fs_usage_data_wrong,					70)	\
+	x(fs_usage_cached_wrong,				71)	\
+	x(fs_usage_reserved_wrong,				72)	\
+	x(fs_usage_persistent_reserved_wrong,			73)	\
+	x(fs_usage_nr_inodes_wrong,				74)	\
+	x(fs_usage_replicas_wrong,				75)	\
+	x(dev_usage_buckets_wrong,				76)	\
+	x(dev_usage_sectors_wrong,				77)	\
+	x(dev_usage_fragmented_wrong,				78)	\
+	x(dev_usage_buckets_ec_wrong,				79)	\
+	x(bkey_version_in_future,				80)	\
+	x(bkey_u64s_too_small,					81)	\
+	x(bkey_invalid_type_for_btree,				82)	\
+	x(bkey_extent_size_zero,				83)	\
+	x(bkey_extent_size_greater_than_offset,			84)	\
+	x(bkey_size_nonzero,					85)	\
+	x(bkey_snapshot_nonzero,				86)	\
+	x(bkey_snapshot_zero,					87)	\
+	x(bkey_at_pos_max,					88)	\
+	x(bkey_before_start_of_btree_node,			89)	\
+	x(bkey_after_end_of_btree_node,				90)	\
+	x(bkey_val_size_nonzero,				91)	\
+	x(bkey_val_size_too_small,				92)	\
+	x(alloc_v1_val_size_bad,				93)	\
+	x(alloc_v2_unpack_error,				94)	\
+	x(alloc_v3_unpack_error,				95)	\
+	x(alloc_v4_val_size_bad,				96)	\
+	x(alloc_v4_backpointers_start_bad,			97)	\
+	x(alloc_key_data_type_bad,				98)	\
+	x(alloc_key_empty_but_have_data,			99)	\
+	x(alloc_key_dirty_sectors_0,				100)	\
+	x(alloc_key_data_type_inconsistency,			101)	\
+	x(alloc_key_to_missing_dev_bucket,			102)	\
+	x(alloc_key_cached_inconsistency,			103)	\
+	x(alloc_key_cached_but_read_time_zero,			104)	\
+	x(alloc_key_to_missing_lru_entry,			105)	\
+	x(alloc_key_data_type_wrong,				106)	\
+	x(alloc_key_gen_wrong,					107)	\
+	x(alloc_key_dirty_sectors_wrong,			108)	\
+	x(alloc_key_cached_sectors_wrong,			109)	\
+	x(alloc_key_stripe_wrong,				110)	\
+	x(alloc_key_stripe_redundancy_wrong,			111)	\
+	x(bucket_sector_count_overflow,				112)	\
+	x(bucket_metadata_type_mismatch,			113)	\
+	x(need_discard_key_wrong,				114)	\
+	x(freespace_key_wrong,					115)	\
+	x(freespace_hole_missing,				116)	\
+	x(bucket_gens_val_size_bad,				117)	\
+	x(bucket_gens_key_wrong,				118)	\
+	x(bucket_gens_hole_wrong,				119)	\
+	x(bucket_gens_to_invalid_dev,				120)	\
+	x(bucket_gens_to_invalid_buckets,			121)	\
+	x(bucket_gens_nonzero_for_invalid_buckets,		122)	\
+	x(need_discard_freespace_key_to_invalid_dev_bucket,	123)	\
+	x(need_discard_freespace_key_bad,			124)	\
+	x(backpointer_pos_wrong,				125)	\
+	x(backpointer_to_missing_device,			126)	\
+	x(backpointer_to_missing_alloc,				127)	\
+	x(backpointer_to_missing_ptr,				128)	\
+	x(lru_entry_at_time_0,					129)	\
+	x(lru_entry_to_invalid_bucket,				130)	\
+	x(lru_entry_bad,					131)	\
+	x(btree_ptr_val_too_big,				132)	\
+	x(btree_ptr_v2_val_too_big,				133)	\
+	x(btree_ptr_has_non_ptr,				134)	\
+	x(extent_ptrs_invalid_entry,				135)	\
+	x(extent_ptrs_no_ptrs,					136)	\
+	x(extent_ptrs_too_many_ptrs,				137)	\
+	x(extent_ptrs_redundant_crc,				138)	\
+	x(extent_ptrs_redundant_stripe,				139)	\
+	x(extent_ptrs_unwritten,				140)	\
+	x(extent_ptrs_written_and_unwritten,			141)	\
+	x(ptr_to_invalid_device,				142)	\
+	x(ptr_to_duplicate_device,				143)	\
+	x(ptr_after_last_bucket,				144)	\
+	x(ptr_before_first_bucket,				145)	\
+	x(ptr_spans_multiple_buckets,				146)	\
+	x(ptr_to_missing_backpointer,				147)	\
+	x(ptr_to_missing_alloc_key,				148)	\
+	x(ptr_to_missing_replicas_entry,			149)	\
+	x(ptr_to_missing_stripe,				150)	\
+	x(ptr_to_incorrect_stripe,				151)	\
+	x(ptr_gen_newer_than_bucket_gen,			152)	\
+	x(ptr_too_stale,					153)	\
+	x(stale_dirty_ptr,					154)	\
+	x(ptr_bucket_data_type_mismatch,			155)	\
+	x(ptr_cached_and_erasure_coded,				156)	\
+	x(ptr_crc_uncompressed_size_too_small,			157)	\
+	x(ptr_crc_csum_type_unknown,				158)	\
+	x(ptr_crc_compression_type_unknown,			159)	\
+	x(ptr_crc_redundant,					160)	\
+	x(ptr_crc_uncompressed_size_too_big,			161)	\
+	x(ptr_crc_nonce_mismatch,				162)	\
+	x(ptr_stripe_redundant,					163)	\
+	x(reservation_key_nr_replicas_invalid,			164)	\
+	x(reflink_v_refcount_wrong,				165)	\
+	x(reflink_p_to_missing_reflink_v,			166)	\
+	x(stripe_pos_bad,					167)	\
+	x(stripe_val_size_bad,					168)	\
+	x(stripe_sector_count_wrong,				169)	\
+	x(snapshot_tree_pos_bad,				170)	\
+	x(snapshot_tree_to_missing_snapshot,			171)	\
+	x(snapshot_tree_to_missing_subvol,			172)	\
+	x(snapshot_tree_to_wrong_subvol,			173)	\
+	x(snapshot_tree_to_snapshot_subvol,			174)	\
+	x(snapshot_pos_bad,					175)	\
+	x(snapshot_parent_bad,					176)	\
+	x(snapshot_children_not_normalized,			177)	\
+	x(snapshot_child_duplicate,				178)	\
+	x(snapshot_child_bad,					179)	\
+	x(snapshot_skiplist_not_normalized,			180)	\
+	x(snapshot_skiplist_bad,				181)	\
+	x(snapshot_should_not_have_subvol,			182)	\
+	x(snapshot_to_bad_snapshot_tree,			183)	\
+	x(snapshot_bad_depth,					184)	\
+	x(snapshot_bad_skiplist,				185)	\
+	x(subvol_pos_bad,					186)	\
+	x(subvol_not_master_and_not_snapshot,			187)	\
+	x(subvol_to_missing_root,				188)	\
+	x(subvol_root_wrong_bi_subvol,				189)	\
+	x(bkey_in_missing_snapshot,				190)	\
+	x(inode_pos_inode_nonzero,				191)	\
+	x(inode_pos_blockdev_range,				192)	\
+	x(inode_unpack_error,					193)	\
+	x(inode_str_hash_invalid,				194)	\
+	x(inode_v3_fields_start_bad,				195)	\
+	x(inode_snapshot_mismatch,				196)	\
+	x(inode_unlinked_but_clean,				197)	\
+	x(inode_unlinked_but_nlink_nonzero,			198)	\
+	x(inode_checksum_type_invalid,				199)	\
+	x(inode_compression_type_invalid,			200)	\
+	x(inode_subvol_root_but_not_dir,			201)	\
+	x(inode_i_size_dirty_but_clean,				202)	\
+	x(inode_i_sectors_dirty_but_clean,			203)	\
+	x(inode_i_sectors_wrong,				204)	\
+	x(inode_dir_wrong_nlink,				205)	\
+	x(inode_dir_multiple_links,				206)	\
+	x(inode_multiple_links_but_nlink_0,			207)	\
+	x(inode_wrong_backpointer,				208)	\
+	x(inode_wrong_nlink,					209)	\
+	x(inode_unreachable,					210)	\
+	x(deleted_inode_but_clean,				211)	\
+	x(deleted_inode_missing,				212)	\
+	x(deleted_inode_is_dir,					213)	\
+	x(deleted_inode_not_unlinked,				214)	\
+	x(extent_overlapping,					215)	\
+	x(extent_in_missing_inode,				216)	\
+	x(extent_in_non_reg_inode,				217)	\
+	x(extent_past_end_of_inode,				218)	\
+	x(dirent_empty_name,					219)	\
+	x(dirent_val_too_big,					220)	\
+	x(dirent_name_too_long,					221)	\
+	x(dirent_name_embedded_nul,				222)	\
+	x(dirent_name_dot_or_dotdot,				223)	\
+	x(dirent_name_has_slash,				224)	\
+	x(dirent_d_type_wrong,					225)	\
+	x(dirent_d_parent_subvol_wrong,				226)	\
+	x(dirent_in_missing_dir_inode,				227)	\
+	x(dirent_in_non_dir_inode,				228)	\
+	x(dirent_to_missing_inode,				229)	\
+	x(dirent_to_missing_subvol,				230)	\
+	x(dirent_to_itself,					231)	\
+	x(quota_type_invalid,					232)	\
+	x(xattr_val_size_too_small,				233)	\
+	x(xattr_val_size_too_big,				234)	\
+	x(xattr_invalid_type,					235)	\
+	x(xattr_name_invalid_chars,				236)	\
+	x(xattr_in_missing_inode,				237)	\
+	x(root_subvol_missing,					238)	\
+	x(root_dir_missing,					239)	\
+	x(root_inode_not_dir,					240)	\
+	x(dir_loop,						241)	\
+	x(hash_table_key_duplicate,				242)	\
+	x(hash_table_key_wrong_offset,				243)
 
 enum bch_sb_error_id {
 #define x(t, n) BCH_FSCK_ERR_##t = n,
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/snapshot.c b/fs/bcachefs/snapshot.c
index e70adfcbd953..a3fecc785001 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/snapshot.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/snapshot.c
@@ -30,17 +30,18 @@ void bch2_snapshot_tree_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c,
 		   le32_to_cpu(t.v->root_snapshot));
 }
 
-int bch2_snapshot_tree_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_snapshot_tree_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			       enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 			       struct printbuf *err)
 {
-	if (bkey_gt(k.k->p, POS(0, U32_MAX)) ||
-	    bkey_lt(k.k->p, POS(0, 1))) {
-		prt_printf(err, "bad pos");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	return 0;
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(bkey_gt(k.k->p, POS(0, U32_MAX)) ||
+			 bkey_lt(k.k->p, POS(0, 1)), c, err,
+			 snapshot_tree_pos_bad,
+			 "bad pos");
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
 int bch2_snapshot_tree_lookup(struct btree_trans *trans, u32 id,
@@ -202,67 +203,60 @@ void bch2_snapshot_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c,
 			   le32_to_cpu(s.v->skip[2]));
 }
 
-int bch2_snapshot_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_snapshot_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			  enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 			  struct printbuf *err)
 {
 	struct bkey_s_c_snapshot s;
 	u32 i, id;
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	if (bkey_gt(k.k->p, POS(0, U32_MAX)) ||
-	    bkey_lt(k.k->p, POS(0, 1))) {
-		prt_printf(err, "bad pos");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(bkey_gt(k.k->p, POS(0, U32_MAX)) ||
+			 bkey_lt(k.k->p, POS(0, 1)), c, err,
+			 snapshot_pos_bad,
+			 "bad pos");
 
 	s = bkey_s_c_to_snapshot(k);
 
 	id = le32_to_cpu(s.v->parent);
-	if (id && id <= k.k->p.offset) {
-		prt_printf(err, "bad parent node (%u <= %llu)",
-		       id, k.k->p.offset);
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(id && id <= k.k->p.offset, c, err,
+			 snapshot_parent_bad,
+			 "bad parent node (%u <= %llu)",
+			 id, k.k->p.offset);
 
-	if (le32_to_cpu(s.v->children[0]) < le32_to_cpu(s.v->children[1])) {
-		prt_printf(err, "children not normalized");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(le32_to_cpu(s.v->children[0]) < le32_to_cpu(s.v->children[1]), c, err,
+			 snapshot_children_not_normalized,
+			 "children not normalized");
 
-	if (s.v->children[0] &&
-	    s.v->children[0] == s.v->children[1]) {
-		prt_printf(err, "duplicate child nodes");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(s.v->children[0] && s.v->children[0] == s.v->children[1], c, err,
+			 snapshot_child_duplicate,
+			 "duplicate child nodes");
 
 	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
 		id = le32_to_cpu(s.v->children[i]);
 
-		if (id >= k.k->p.offset) {
-			prt_printf(err, "bad child node (%u >= %llu)",
-			       id, k.k->p.offset);
-			return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-		}
+		bkey_fsck_err_on(id >= k.k->p.offset, c, err,
+				 snapshot_child_bad,
+				 "bad child node (%u >= %llu)",
+				 id, k.k->p.offset);
 	}
 
 	if (bkey_val_bytes(k.k) > offsetof(struct bch_snapshot, skip)) {
-		if (le32_to_cpu(s.v->skip[0]) > le32_to_cpu(s.v->skip[1]) ||
-		    le32_to_cpu(s.v->skip[1]) > le32_to_cpu(s.v->skip[2])) {
-			prt_printf(err, "skiplist not normalized");
-			return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-		}
+		bkey_fsck_err_on(le32_to_cpu(s.v->skip[0]) > le32_to_cpu(s.v->skip[1]) ||
+				 le32_to_cpu(s.v->skip[1]) > le32_to_cpu(s.v->skip[2]), c, err,
+				 snapshot_skiplist_not_normalized,
+				 "skiplist not normalized");
 
 		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(s.v->skip); i++) {
 			id = le32_to_cpu(s.v->skip[i]);
 
-			if (id && id < le32_to_cpu(s.v->parent)) {
-				prt_printf(err, "bad skiplist node %u", id);
-				return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-			}
+			bkey_fsck_err_on(id && id < le32_to_cpu(s.v->parent), c, err,
+					 snapshot_skiplist_bad,
+					 "bad skiplist node %u", id);
 		}
 	}
-
-	return 0;
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
 static void __set_is_ancestor_bitmap(struct bch_fs *c, u32 id)
@@ -529,7 +523,7 @@ static int check_snapshot_tree(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	if (fsck_err_on(ret ||
 			root_id != bch2_snapshot_root(c, root_id) ||
 			st.k->p.offset != le32_to_cpu(s.tree),
-			c,
+			c, snapshot_tree_to_missing_snapshot,
 			"snapshot tree points to missing/incorrect snapshot:\n  %s",
 			(bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, st.s_c), buf.buf))) {
 		ret = bch2_btree_delete_at(trans, iter, 0);
@@ -541,17 +535,20 @@ static int check_snapshot_tree(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	if (ret && !bch2_err_matches(ret, ENOENT))
 		goto err;
 
-	if (fsck_err_on(ret, c,
+	if (fsck_err_on(ret,
+			c, snapshot_tree_to_missing_subvol,
 			"snapshot tree points to missing subvolume:\n  %s",
 			(printbuf_reset(&buf),
 			 bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, st.s_c), buf.buf)) ||
 	    fsck_err_on(!bch2_snapshot_is_ancestor_early(c,
 						le32_to_cpu(subvol.snapshot),
-						root_id), c,
+						root_id),
+			c, snapshot_tree_to_wrong_subvol,
 			"snapshot tree points to subvolume that does not point to snapshot in this tree:\n  %s",
 			(printbuf_reset(&buf),
 			 bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, st.s_c), buf.buf)) ||
-	    fsck_err_on(BCH_SUBVOLUME_SNAP(&subvol), c,
+	    fsck_err_on(BCH_SUBVOLUME_SNAP(&subvol),
+			c, snapshot_tree_to_snapshot_subvol,
 			"snapshot tree points to snapshot subvolume:\n  %s",
 			(printbuf_reset(&buf),
 			 bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, st.s_c), buf.buf))) {
@@ -787,7 +784,9 @@ static int check_snapshot(struct btree_trans *trans,
 			goto err;
 		}
 	} else {
-		if (fsck_err_on(s.subvol, c, "snapshot should not point to subvol:\n  %s",
+		if (fsck_err_on(s.subvol,
+				c, snapshot_should_not_have_subvol,
+				"snapshot should not point to subvol:\n  %s",
 				(bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf))) {
 			u = bch2_bkey_make_mut_typed(trans, iter, &k, 0, snapshot);
 			ret = PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(u);
@@ -803,7 +802,8 @@ static int check_snapshot(struct btree_trans *trans,
 	if (ret < 0)
 		goto err;
 
-	if (fsck_err_on(!ret, c, "snapshot points to missing/incorrect tree:\n  %s",
+	if (fsck_err_on(!ret, c, snapshot_to_bad_snapshot_tree,
+			"snapshot points to missing/incorrect tree:\n  %s",
 			(bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf))) {
 		ret = snapshot_tree_ptr_repair(trans, iter, k, &s);
 		if (ret)
@@ -815,7 +815,8 @@ static int check_snapshot(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 	if (le32_to_cpu(s.depth) != real_depth &&
 	    (c->sb.version_upgrade_complete < bcachefs_metadata_version_snapshot_skiplists ||
-	     fsck_err(c, "snapshot with incorrect depth field, should be %u:\n  %s",
+	     fsck_err(c, snapshot_bad_depth,
+		      "snapshot with incorrect depth field, should be %u:\n  %s",
 		      real_depth, (bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf)))) {
 		u = bch2_bkey_make_mut_typed(trans, iter, &k, 0, snapshot);
 		ret = PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(u);
@@ -832,7 +833,8 @@ static int check_snapshot(struct btree_trans *trans,
 
 	if (!ret &&
 	    (c->sb.version_upgrade_complete < bcachefs_metadata_version_snapshot_skiplists ||
-	     fsck_err(c, "snapshot with bad skiplist field:\n  %s",
+	     fsck_err(c, snapshot_bad_skiplist,
+		      "snapshot with bad skiplist field:\n  %s",
 		      (bch2_bkey_val_to_text(&buf, c, k), buf.buf)))) {
 		u = bch2_bkey_make_mut_typed(trans, iter, &k, 0, snapshot);
 		ret = PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(u);
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/snapshot.h b/fs/bcachefs/snapshot.h
index 01f006cac831..f09a22f44239 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/snapshot.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/snapshot.h
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 enum bkey_invalid_flags;
 
 void bch2_snapshot_tree_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c);
-int bch2_snapshot_tree_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_snapshot_tree_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 			       enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
 
 #define bch2_bkey_ops_snapshot_tree ((struct bkey_ops) {	\
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ struct bkey_i_snapshot_tree *__bch2_snapshot_tree_create(struct btree_trans *);
 int bch2_snapshot_tree_lookup(struct btree_trans *, u32, struct bch_snapshot_tree *);
 
 void bch2_snapshot_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c);
-int bch2_snapshot_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_snapshot_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 			  enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
 int bch2_mark_snapshot(struct btree_trans *, enum btree_id, unsigned,
 		       struct bkey_s_c, struct bkey_s_c, unsigned);
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/subvolume.c b/fs/bcachefs/subvolume.c
index 73ba22c219a1..fccd25aa3242 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/subvolume.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/subvolume.c
@@ -62,7 +62,8 @@ static int check_subvol(struct btree_trans *trans,
 		if (ret)
 			return ret;
 
-		if (fsck_err_on(le32_to_cpu(st.master_subvol) != subvol.k->p.offset, c,
+		if (fsck_err_on(le32_to_cpu(st.master_subvol) != subvol.k->p.offset,
+				c, subvol_not_master_and_not_snapshot,
 				"subvolume %llu is not set as snapshot but is not master subvolume",
 				k.k->p.offset)) {
 			struct bkey_i_subvolume *s =
@@ -97,16 +98,17 @@ int bch2_check_subvols(struct bch_fs *c)
 
 /* Subvolumes: */
 
-int bch2_subvolume_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_subvolume_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 			   enum bkey_invalid_flags flags, struct printbuf *err)
 {
-	if (bkey_lt(k.k->p, SUBVOL_POS_MIN) ||
-	    bkey_gt(k.k->p, SUBVOL_POS_MAX)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "invalid pos");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	return 0;
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(bkey_lt(k.k->p, SUBVOL_POS_MIN) ||
+			 bkey_gt(k.k->p, SUBVOL_POS_MAX), c, err,
+			 subvol_pos_bad,
+			 "invalid pos");
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
 void bch2_subvolume_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c,
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/subvolume.h b/fs/bcachefs/subvolume.h
index bb14f92e8687..a1003d30ab0a 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/subvolume.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/subvolume.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ enum bkey_invalid_flags;
 
 int bch2_check_subvols(struct bch_fs *);
 
-int bch2_subvolume_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_subvolume_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 			   enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
 void bch2_subvolume_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c);
 
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/xattr.c b/fs/bcachefs/xattr.c
index 74b41f567ab8..a39ff0c296ec 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/xattr.c
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/xattr.c
@@ -70,46 +70,38 @@ const struct bch_hash_desc bch2_xattr_hash_desc = {
 	.cmp_bkey	= xattr_cmp_bkey,
 };
 
-int bch2_xattr_invalid(const struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
+int bch2_xattr_invalid(struct bch_fs *c, struct bkey_s_c k,
 		       enum bkey_invalid_flags flags,
 		       struct printbuf *err)
 {
-	const struct xattr_handler *handler;
 	struct bkey_s_c_xattr xattr = bkey_s_c_to_xattr(k);
+	unsigned val_u64s = xattr_val_u64s(xattr.v->x_name_len,
+					   le16_to_cpu(xattr.v->x_val_len));
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	if (bkey_val_u64s(k.k) <
-	    xattr_val_u64s(xattr.v->x_name_len,
-			   le16_to_cpu(xattr.v->x_val_len))) {
-		prt_printf(err, "value too small (%zu < %u)",
-		       bkey_val_u64s(k.k),
-		       xattr_val_u64s(xattr.v->x_name_len,
-				      le16_to_cpu(xattr.v->x_val_len)));
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(bkey_val_u64s(k.k) < val_u64s, c, err,
+			 xattr_val_size_too_small,
+			 "value too small (%zu < %u)",
+			 bkey_val_u64s(k.k), val_u64s);
 
 	/* XXX why +4 ? */
-	if (bkey_val_u64s(k.k) >
-	    xattr_val_u64s(xattr.v->x_name_len,
-			   le16_to_cpu(xattr.v->x_val_len) + 4)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "value too big (%zu > %u)",
-		       bkey_val_u64s(k.k),
-		       xattr_val_u64s(xattr.v->x_name_len,
-				      le16_to_cpu(xattr.v->x_val_len) + 4));
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	handler = bch2_xattr_type_to_handler(xattr.v->x_type);
-	if (!handler) {
-		prt_printf(err, "invalid type (%u)", xattr.v->x_type);
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	if (memchr(xattr.v->x_name, '\0', xattr.v->x_name_len)) {
-		prt_printf(err, "xattr name has invalid characters");
-		return -BCH_ERR_invalid_bkey;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
+	val_u64s = xattr_val_u64s(xattr.v->x_name_len,
+				  le16_to_cpu(xattr.v->x_val_len) + 4);
+
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(bkey_val_u64s(k.k) > val_u64s, c, err,
+			 xattr_val_size_too_big,
+			 "value too big (%zu > %u)",
+			 bkey_val_u64s(k.k), val_u64s);
+
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(!bch2_xattr_type_to_handler(xattr.v->x_type), c, err,
+			 xattr_invalid_type,
+			 "invalid type (%u)", xattr.v->x_type);
+
+	bkey_fsck_err_on(memchr(xattr.v->x_name, '\0', xattr.v->x_name_len), c, err,
+			 xattr_name_invalid_chars,
+			 "xattr name has invalid characters");
+fsck_err:
+	return ret;
 }
 
 void bch2_xattr_to_text(struct printbuf *out, struct bch_fs *c,
diff --git a/fs/bcachefs/xattr.h b/fs/bcachefs/xattr.h
index f5a52e3a6016..1337f31a5c49 100644
--- a/fs/bcachefs/xattr.h
+++ b/fs/bcachefs/xattr.h
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 extern const struct bch_hash_desc bch2_xattr_hash_desc;
 
-int bch2_xattr_invalid(const struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
+int bch2_xattr_invalid(struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c,
 		       enum bkey_invalid_flags, struct printbuf *);
 void bch2_xattr_to_text(struct printbuf *, struct bch_fs *, struct bkey_s_c);